Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is economic growth?

A

Economic growth is an increase in the capacity of an economic to produce good & services, compared from 1 period of time to another

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2
Q

The difference between “GDP” & “real GDP”

A

The difference between “GDP” & “real GDP” is that real GDP is adjusted for inflation while GDP is not

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3
Q

Limitations of using GDP as a measurement.

A
  • GDP does not measure all the productions occur in the country
  • GDP does not consider how output contribute to the quality of people’s lives
  • GDP does not measure the quality of the environment.
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4
Q

Different functions of aggregate demand/supply

A
-Aggregate demand (AD) represents the sum of spending on goods & services produced by a nation over a year. 
AD = C + I + G + (X-M)
C- Private consumption
I- Private investment
G- Government spending
X- Export
M- Import
-Aggregate supply (AS) represents the sum of goods & services that the nation's producers are prepared to make available over a year.
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5
Q

Factors that contribute to increase/decrease in AD

A
  • Increase
    • > Foreign Income : When foreign income rises, a country’s export increase accordingly
    • > Expectation : Different expectations can have the capacity to increase or decrease
  • Decrease
    • > Exchange notes increase : net exports will decrease
    • > Monetary policies : a contractionary monetary policy causes AD to decrease.
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6
Q

Factors that contribute to increase/decrease in AS

A
  • Increase
    • > Lower input prices
    • > Less regulations
    • > New raw materials
  • Decrease
    • > Higher input prices
    • > More trade barriers
    • > Decrease in education
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7
Q

Government AS policies

A
  • Labour market deregulation : reducing the level of government regulation/control of wages & conditions & allowing for greater flexibility in employment arrangements
  • Promoting stronger competition : it increases AS & grow capacity through improved business efficiency & cost cutting among rival firms.
  • Lower tax rates : lower the tax burden on individuals & firms.
  • Trade liberalisation : less trade barriers.
  • Government infrastructure project : enable other businesses to produce goods & services & expand their operation
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8
Q

The effect of policy response to address environmental effects of economic growth

A
  • Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) : reducing emission by putting price on the release of carbon dioxide (CO2)
  • Carbon Tax
  • Carbon reduction fund
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9
Q

What are the benefits of economic income distribution?

A
  • Incentive effect : if someone works harder, they’re deserved to be paid higher
  • Fairness : the amount of income matches one’s skill level
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10
Q

Economic & Social benefits. Economic costs of income distribution
-> measurements of poverty

A

-Gini coefficient is a measure of income inequality that condenses the entire income distribution for a country into a single no. b/w 1 & 0
G.C = Area A
Area A + Area B

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11
Q

->measurements of poverty

A
  • Distribution of wealth is a comparison of the wealth of various members/groups in a society
  • Factors that contribute to Gino Coefficient
  • > Median Age : the older, the less unequal & vice versa
  • > Economic growth & the share of its workers in different industry
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12
Q

Different types of income

A

-Earned income : by supplying labour to a business/organisation
-Unearned income : from rents & interest
Transfer income : is derived from government welfare payments

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13
Q

Different types of policy

A
  • Progressive tax system : a tax in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases
  • Reduction of unemployment benefits :
  • > Improve skills to make people more flexible in the workplace
  • > Provide strong incentives to look for & accept work
  • > Maintain a sufficiently high level of demand to create enough new jobs.
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