Unit 2

Question 1

A paper clip

Answer 1

Neutral stimulus

Question 2

Coyotes running away from the smell of cheep after learning to associate sheep with being nauseous.

Answer 2

Conditioned Response

Question 3

What is the bell in Pavlov’s experiment with the dogs?

Answer 3

Conditioned stimulus

Question 4

Jumping from a loud noise

Answer 4

Unconditioned response

Question 5

What is the food in Pavlov’s experiment with the dogs?

Answer 5

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 6

Police giving prizes to people wearing belts.

Answer 6

Positive reinforcement

Question 7

Suspending a basketball player for a flagrant foul

Answer 7

Punishment

Question 8

Soccer player rolls her eyes at a teammate for a bad pass

Answer 8

Punishment

Question 9

Husband becomes sullen when his wife flirts with colleague

Answer 9

Punishment

Question 10

Professor gives extra credit for perfect attendance

Answer 10

Positive reinforcement

Question 11

Termination of suspension of action or event that increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again

Answer 11

Negative reinforcement

Question 12

Remembering what you wore yesterday

Answer 12

Episodic

Question 13

Definitions for a test are held in this type of memory

Answer 13

Semantic

Question 14

In order to ride a bike you rely on this memory

Answer 14

Procedural

Question 15

Your loves, hates, and fears

Answer 15

Emotional

Question 16

Memories you keep of live events

Answer 16

Episodic

Question 17

Involves tip of the tongue phenomenon

Answer 17

Semantic

Question 18

Includes flashbulb memories

Answer 18

Episodic

Question 19

When you wish to communicate an idea, you start with the thought, then find the words, and then use phrases to express the idea, then finally produce the speech that make up sounds.

Answer 19

Top down processing

Question 20

Language, imagines, and concepts are the components of this. Process whereby we acquire and apply information.

Answer 20

Cognition

Question 21

The interpretation of a problem, defining the problem.

Answer 21

Problem representation

Question 22

A mental model containing the most typical features of a concept

Answer 22

Prototype

Question 23

The basic sounds of b t or th

Answer 23

Phonemes

Question 24

People cannot thing about things for which they have no words

Answer 24

Language relativity hypothesis

Question 25

Ability to produce novel and socially valued ideals and objects

Answer 25

Creativity

Question 26

Often measure by open-ended tests

Answer 26

Creativity

Question 27

The ability or abilities involved in learning and adaptive behavior

Answer 27

Intelligence

Question 28

Rules of thumb

Answer 28

Heuristics

Question 29

Method of problem solving that guarantees a correct solution

Answer 29

Algorithm

Question 30

The inability to see new uses for familiar objects

Answer 30

Functional fixedness

Question 31

Tendency to look for evidence in support of a belief and ignore evidence that would disprove a belief

Answer 31

Confirmation bias

Question 32

Tendency to vision outcomes as inevitable and predictable after we already know outcomes

Answer 32

Hindsight

Question 33

Theory presented that there is more than one type of intelligence

Answer 33

Theory of multiple intelligences

Question 34

Skill in social relationships that invokes the awareness of others and ones own emotions

Answer 34

Emotional intelligence

Question 35

Numerical value given to intelligence that is determined from the scores of an intelligence test

Answer 35

IQ

Question 36

Intelligence test that includes performance abilities in its evaluation

Answer 36

WAIS-lll

Question 37

Degree to which repeated administration of psychological test yields consistent and stable score

Answer 37

Reliability

Question 38

Motivated behavior is directed toward reduction of a drive

Answer 38

Drive reduction theory

Question 39

Inborn, inflexible, goal-directed behavior that is characteristic of an entire species

Answer 39

Instincts

Question 40

Balance

Answer 40

Homeostasis

Question 41

Rewards that are not obtained from an activity but as a consequence of the activity, they are learned

Answer 41

Extrinsic rewards

Question 42

A need, desire or want that prompts goal-directed behavior

Answer 42

Motive

Question 43

Theory that gates there is an option level of arousal for the best performance of any task

Answer 43

Yerkes dodson law

Question 44

Odors emitted by some species that influence the behavior of the opposite sex of the same species

Answer 44

Pheromones

Question 45

Culture-specific rules that govern how, when and why expressions of emotions are displayed

Answer 45

Display rules

Question 46

Having a headache

Answer 46

Biological

Question 47

I can't handle how he talks to me! I'm tired of his put downs.

Answer 47

Self-esteem

Question 48

I miss my mommy!

Answer 48

Belongingness

Question 49

I have been a good parent today

Answer 49

Self-actualization

Question 50

Put your seatbelt on

Answer 50

Safety

Question 51

I feel so alone

Answer 51

Belongingness

Question 52

Look, I just got an A on my paper

Answer 52

Self esteem

Question 53

I'm not smart enough to go to college. I can't do it!

Answer 53

Self-esteem

Question 54

I'm so hungry, I can't concentrate

Answer 54

Biological

Question 55

Since he started being bullied, Jimmy doesn't want to attend school

Answer 55

Safety

Question 56

I finally earned my degree! I knew I could do it!

Answer 56

Self- actualization

Question 57

The process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior.

Answer 57

Learning

Question 58

learning that is not immediately reflected in a behavior change. Learning that has occurred but is not demonstrated or measured

Answer 58

Latent learning

Question 59

learning that occurs rapidly as a result of understanding all the elements of a problem. The “a ha” moment.

Answer 59

Insight learning

Question 60

reinforcers that are rewarding in themselves – Such as food, water, sex. No prior learning is needed to make them reinforcing

Answer 60

Primary

Question 61

a reinforcer whose value is acquired through association with other primary or secondary reinforcers. Here prior learning is necessary to give them their reinforcing value.

Answer 61

Secondary

Question 62

entry points for raw information from the senses

Answer 62

Sensory registers

Question 63

the finding that when asked to recall a list of unrelated items, performance is better for the items at the beginning (primacy effect) and at the end (recency effect).

Answer 63

Serial position effect

Question 64

holding information for a specific time by repeating the information, then it is lost if not used

Answer 64

Rote rehearsal

Question 65

the liking of new information in short-term memory to familiar material stored in LTM: new information is added to material that we already know.

Answer 65

Elaborative

Question 66

a set of beliefs or expectations about something that is based on past experience.

Answer 66

Schema

Question 67

memory for information that we can readily express in words and are aware of having; these memories can be intentionally retrieved form memory

Answer 67

Explicit memory

Question 68

information that we cannot readily express in words and may not be aware of having; these memories cannot be intentionally retrieved from memory.

Answer 68

Implicit memory