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Psychology Unit 2 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A paper clip

A

Neutral stimulus

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2
Q

Coyotes running away from the smell of cheep after learning to associate sheep with being nauseous.

A

Conditioned Response

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3
Q

What is the bell in Pavlov’s experiment with the dogs?

A

Conditioned stimulus

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4
Q

Jumping from a loud noise

A

Unconditioned response

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5
Q

What is the food in Pavlov’s experiment with the dogs?

A

Unconditioned stimulus

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6
Q

Police giving prizes to people wearing belts.

A

Positive reinforcement

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7
Q

Suspending a basketball player for a flagrant foul

A

Punishment

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8
Q

Soccer player rolls her eyes at a teammate for a bad pass

A

Punishment

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9
Q

Husband becomes sullen when his wife flirts with colleague

A

Punishment

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10
Q

Professor gives extra credit for perfect attendance

A

Positive reinforcement

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11
Q

Termination of suspension of action or event that increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again

A

Negative reinforcement

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12
Q

Remembering what you wore yesterday

A

Episodic

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13
Q

Definitions for a test are held in this type of memory

A

Semantic

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14
Q

In order to ride a bike you rely on this memory

A

Procedural

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15
Q

Your loves, hates, and fears

A

Emotional

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16
Q

Memories you keep of live events

A

Episodic

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17
Q

Involves tip of the tongue phenomenon

A

Semantic

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18
Q

Includes flashbulb memories

A

Episodic

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19
Q

When you wish to communicate an idea, you start with the thought, then find the words, and then use phrases to express the idea, then finally produce the speech that make up sounds.

A

Top down processing

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20
Q

Language, imagines, and concepts are the components of this. Process whereby we acquire and apply information.

A

Cognition

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21
Q

The interpretation of a problem, defining the problem.

A

Problem representation

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22
Q

A mental model containing the most typical features of a concept

A

Prototype

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23
Q

The basic sounds of b t or th

A

Phonemes

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24
Q

People cannot thing about things for which they have no words

A

Language relativity hypothesis

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25
Q

Ability to produce novel and socially valued ideals and objects

A

Creativity

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26
Q

Often measure by open-ended tests

A

Creativity

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27
Q

The ability or abilities involved in learning and adaptive behavior

A

Intelligence

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28
Q

Rules of thumb

A

Heuristics

29
Q

Method of problem solving that guarantees a correct solution

A

Algorithm

30
Q

The inability to see new uses for familiar objects

A

Functional fixedness

31
Q

Tendency to look for evidence in support of a belief and ignore evidence that would disprove a belief

A

Confirmation bias

32
Q

Tendency to vision outcomes as inevitable and predictable after we already know outcomes

A

Hindsight

33
Q

Theory presented that there is more than one type of intelligence

A

Theory of multiple intelligences

34
Q

Skill in social relationships that invokes the awareness of others and ones own emotions

A

Emotional intelligence

35
Q

Numerical value given to intelligence that is determined from the scores of an intelligence test

A

IQ

36
Q

Intelligence test that includes performance abilities in its evaluation

A

WAIS-lll

37
Q

Degree to which repeated administration of psychological test yields consistent and stable score

A

Reliability

38
Q

Motivated behavior is directed toward reduction of a drive

A

Drive reduction theory

39
Q

Inborn, inflexible, goal-directed behavior that is characteristic of an entire species

A

Instincts

40
Q

Balance

A

Homeostasis

41
Q

Rewards that are not obtained from an activity but as a consequence of the activity, they are learned

A

Extrinsic rewards

42
Q

A need, desire or want that prompts goal-directed behavior

A

Motive

43
Q

Theory that gates there is an option level of arousal for the best performance of any task

A

Yerkes dodson law

44
Q

Odors emitted by some species that influence the behavior of the opposite sex of the same species

A

Pheromones

45
Q

Culture-specific rules that govern how, when and why expressions of emotions are displayed

A

Display rules

46
Q

Having a headache

A

Biological

47
Q

I can’t handle how he talks to me! I’m tired of his put downs.

A

Self-esteem

48
Q

I miss my mommy!

A

Belongingness

49
Q

I have been a good parent today

A

Self-actualization

50
Q

Put your seatbelt on

A

Safety

51
Q

I feel so alone

A

Belongingness

52
Q

Look, I just got an A on my paper

A

Self esteem

53
Q

I’m not smart enough to go to college. I can’t do it!

A

Self-esteem

54
Q

I’m so hungry, I can’t concentrate

A

Biological

55
Q

Since he started being bullied, Jimmy doesn’t want to attend school

A

Safety

56
Q

I finally earned my degree! I knew I could do it!

A

Self- actualization

57
Q

The process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior.

A

Learning

58
Q

learning that is not immediately reflected in a behavior change. Learning that has occurred but is not demonstrated or measured

A

Latent learning

59
Q

learning that occurs rapidly as a result of understanding all the elements of a problem. The “a ha” moment.

A

Insight learning

60
Q

reinforcers that are rewarding in themselves – Such as food, water, sex. No prior learning is needed to make them reinforcing

A

Primary

61
Q

a reinforcer whose value is acquired through association with other primary or secondary reinforcers. Here prior learning is necessary to give them their reinforcing value.

A

Secondary

62
Q

entry points for raw information from the senses

A

Sensory registers

63
Q

the finding that when asked to recall a list of unrelated items, performance is better for the items at the beginning (primacy effect) and at the end (recency effect).

A

Serial position effect

64
Q

holding information for a specific time by repeating the information, then it is lost if not used

A

Rote rehearsal

65
Q

the liking of new information in short-term memory to familiar material stored in LTM: new information is added to material that we already know.

A

Elaborative

66
Q

a set of beliefs or expectations about something that is based on past experience.

A

Schema

67
Q

memory for information that we can readily express in words and are aware of having; these memories can be intentionally retrieved form memory

A

Explicit memory

68
Q

information that we cannot readily express in words and may not be aware of having; these memories cannot be intentionally retrieved from memory.

A

Implicit memory

Psychology Unit 2 (3 decks)

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