Unit 2 Flashcards
3 Ways we can find genes from a DNA sequence?
a. Comparing genomes, DNA to RNA
b. Ab initio methods, prediction of genes
c. Homology, similar genes compared from same ancestry
What features make gene prediction more difficult in Eukaryotes?
a. Eukaryotes have a larger genome
b. Low gene density
c. Introns that are taken out, changing the reading frame
d. DNA is linear with ends
How does the poly A tail of mRNA help with purification?
Allows mRNA to easily bind to poly T tails, sorting them out
BLAST - What do dashed “–” lines represent?
Missing spaces to match up the amino acid sequence with the others
What info does Proteomic analysis give that Transcriptome does not?
a. Functions of the proteins
b. Amount of the protein
c. Activity in a gene
Name two chemical properties that can be used to separate a mix of proteins
pH and size
Functional domains
Stretch of DNA that we know the function of, function of a transmembrane domain
In vitro
Outside of a living organism, in a test tube or work bench
In vivo
Alive, in an animal or living organism
Why would it be better to compare genes by amino acids rather than by DNA sequence?
There are too many sequences for one protein, variations for the same AA
How to find the function of a gene
a. Take out the sequence
b. Over express it
c. Put a tag on it
d. Reporter gene
Introns
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.
Exons
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence.
Alleles
Slightly different forms of genes
Homologous Genes
Similar genes that come from the same ancestry; broadest field.
