Unit 2

Question 1

Diabetes

Answer 1

Metabolic disease in which the body’s inability to produce any or enough insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood

Question 2

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 2

Body does not produce any insulin is hereditary and you are born with it

Question 3

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 3

Body produces insulin maybe not enough but the body is insulin resistant happens because of bad habits or jeans but not hereditary it happens later in life usually adulthood

Question 4

Ketones

Answer 4

Substances are made with the body breaks down fat for energy if diet does not contain enough carbohydrates

Question 5

Glucose tolerance testing (GTT)

Answer 5

Test that monitors amount of sugar in your blood plasma over a set period of time

They give patient’s glucose and see how their levels rise or drop after periods of time

Question 6

ILT

Answer 6

Test that determines what kind of diabetes a patient has

if there’s insulin present in the blood when glucose is given to them than they have type 2 and they are insulin resistant

if there’s no insulin present when the glucose is given to them and they are type 1 because the body cannot produce insulin

Question 7

Homeostasis

Answer 7

Steady or stable environment

Question 8

Positive feedback loop

Answer 8

Original action increases due to the input

for example contractions when giving birth the body senses that you’re giving contractions and continues the action

Question 9

Negative feedback loop

Answer 9

Always tries to get back to set point

for example if you are cold your body will make you shiver so that you get warm again
if you were too hot then your body will make you sweat so you go back to the normal temperature a.k.a. homeostasis

Question 10

Glands

Answer 10

Tissues that secrete or release hormones

Question 11

Glucagon

Answer 11

Hormone that is released by alpha cells in a part of the pancreas

Question 12

Glycogen

Answer 12

Stored form of glucose large multibranched polymer of glucose which is accumulated in response to insulin

Question 13

Carbohydrates

Answer 13

Elements: carbon hydrogen oxygen (CHO)

Monomer: disaccharide monosaccharide polysaccharide

Examples: glucose fructose deoxyribose ribose

Functions: primary energy source in the form of ATP

Question 14

Lipids

Answer 14

Elements: (CHO)

Monomer: fatty acids glycerol

Examples:triglycerides phospholipids steroids and fat

Functions:
membrane structure bone structure cell communication can be unsaturated or saturated

Question 15

Proteins

Answer 15

Elements: (CHON)

Monomer: amino acid’s dipeptide peptide bonds is what holds together

Examples: hormones enzymes transport molecules signals or communication

Functions: structural components of the tissue in builds and maintains tissues

Question 16

Nucleic acids

Answer 16

Elements: (CHONP)

Monomer: nucleotides

Examples: DNA RNA

Functions: carries genetic material

Question 17

Benedict’s solution

Answer 17

Test for sugar carbohydrates

Question 18

Buiret solution

Answer 18

Test for protein

Question 19

Lugol’s iodine solution

Answer 19

Test for starch

Question 20

Paper bad

Answer 20

Test for lipids

Question 21

Bio chemistry

Answer 21

Study of chemical processes in living organisms is an important foundation for the biomedical sciences

Question 22

Atom

Answer 22

Smallest whole particle of an element

protons electrons neutrons

Question 23

Atomic number

Answer 23

Number of protons in and Atom determines placement considered neutral and periodic table

Question 24

Chemical reaction

Answer 24

Occur when Atoms molecules or ions interact
bonds either are broken or assembled
molecules can store potential energy

Question 25

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 25

To monomers combine in a process it to what was released

from small to large

Question 26

Hydrolysis

Answer 26

Use H2O to break apart a polymer

Large to small

Question 27

Monomer

Answer 27

Building block of a polymer

Question 28

Polymer

Answer 28

Macromolecule made up of monomers

Question 29

Calorimetry

Answer 29

The process of measuring the amount of energy in food

Question 30

Calorie

Answer 30

Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water to 1°C

Question 31

Semi permiable

Answer 31

Some substances can move in and out

Question 32

Osmosis

Answer 32

Movement of water

possibly high concentration to low concentration

Question 33

Hyperglycemia

Answer 33

Term used when blood glucose levels in the blood stream are too high

the prefix hyper means over or excess glucose has gone over its usual levels

Symptoms
increased thirst headaches trouble concentrating blurred vision fatigue peeing often blood sugar more than 180 mg

Question 34

Hypoglycemia

Answer 34

The term used when blood glucose levels in the blood stream or too low

prefix hypo means under or down

symptoms: Anxiety shakiness fatigue and headaches