Unit 2 Flashcards
Diabetes
Metabolic disease in which the body’s inability to produce any or enough insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood
Type 1 diabetes
Body does not produce any insulin is hereditary and you are born with it
Type 2 diabetes
Body produces insulin maybe not enough but the body is insulin resistant happens because of bad habits or jeans but not hereditary it happens later in life usually adulthood
Ketones
Substances are made with the body breaks down fat for energy if diet does not contain enough carbohydrates
Glucose tolerance testing (GTT)
Test that monitors amount of sugar in your blood plasma over a set period of time
They give patient’s glucose and see how their levels rise or drop after periods of time
ILT
Test that determines what kind of diabetes a patient has
if there’s insulin present in the blood when glucose is given to them than they have type 2 and they are insulin resistant
if there’s no insulin present when the glucose is given to them and they are type 1 because the body cannot produce insulin
Homeostasis
Steady or stable environment
Positive feedback loop
Original action increases due to the input
for example contractions when giving birth the body senses that you’re giving contractions and continues the action
Negative feedback loop
Always tries to get back to set point
for example if you are cold your body will make you shiver so that you get warm again
if you were too hot then your body will make you sweat so you go back to the normal temperature a.k.a. homeostasis
Glands
Tissues that secrete or release hormones
Glucagon
Hormone that is released by alpha cells in a part of the pancreas
Glycogen
Stored form of glucose large multibranched polymer of glucose which is accumulated in response to insulin
Carbohydrates
Elements: carbon hydrogen oxygen (CHO)
Monomer: disaccharide monosaccharide polysaccharide
Examples: glucose fructose deoxyribose ribose
Functions: primary energy source in the form of ATP
Lipids
Elements: (CHO)
Monomer: fatty acids glycerol
Examples:triglycerides phospholipids steroids and fat
Functions:
membrane structure bone structure cell communication can be unsaturated or saturated
Proteins
Elements: (CHON)
Monomer: amino acid’s dipeptide peptide bonds is what holds together
Examples: hormones enzymes transport molecules signals or communication
Functions: structural components of the tissue in builds and maintains tissues
Nucleic acids
Elements: (CHONP)
Monomer: nucleotides
Examples: DNA RNA
Functions: carries genetic material
Benedict’s solution
Test for sugar carbohydrates
Buiret solution
Test for protein
Lugol’s iodine solution
Test for starch
Paper bad
Test for lipids
Bio chemistry
Study of chemical processes in living organisms is an important foundation for the biomedical sciences
Atom
Smallest whole particle of an element
protons electrons neutrons
Atomic number
Number of protons in and Atom determines placement considered neutral and periodic table
Chemical reaction
Occur when Atoms molecules or ions interact
bonds either are broken or assembled
molecules can store potential energy
Dehydration synthesis
To monomers combine in a process it to what was released
from small to large
Hydrolysis
Use H2O to break apart a polymer
Large to small
Monomer
Building block of a polymer
Polymer
Macromolecule made up of monomers
Calorimetry
The process of measuring the amount of energy in food
Calorie
Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water to 1°C
Semi permiable
Some substances can move in and out
Osmosis
Movement of water
possibly high concentration to low concentration
Hyperglycemia
Term used when blood glucose levels in the blood stream are too high
the prefix hyper means over or excess glucose has gone over its usual levels
Symptoms
increased thirst headaches trouble concentrating blurred vision fatigue peeing often blood sugar more than 180 mg
Hypoglycemia
The term used when blood glucose levels in the blood stream or too low
prefix hypo means under or down
symptoms: Anxiety shakiness fatigue and headaches
