Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry Lecture > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an element

A

a substance that consists of identical atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a compound

A

a pure substance made up of two or more elements in a fixed ratio by mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a mixture

A

a combination of two or more pure substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

atomic number ( z #)

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mass number (A)

A

the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

properties of a proton

A

+1 charge
mass = 1.6726 x 10^-24
mass (amu) = 1.0073
in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

properties of an electron

A

-1 charge
mass = 9.1094 x 10^-28
mass (amu) = 5.4858 x 10^-4
outside the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

properties of a neutron

A

0 charge
mass = 1.6749 x 10^-24
mass (amu) = 1.0087
in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are atoms called that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons?

A

isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When something is written like Element - #, what does the number stand for ?

A

the mass number (protons + neutrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how many neutrons are in Oxygen - 16 ?

A

Oxygen has 8 protons, so 8 neutrons (when answering rewrite with mass number on top, protons on the bottom and the element on the far right.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is atomic weight?

A

a weighted average of the masses (in amu) of its isotopes found on earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the bottom number of an element on the periodic table?

A

the atomic mass (amu)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the top number of an element on the periodic table?

A

the atomic number (Protons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which elements occur naturally as only one isotope?

A

Gold, Flourine, Aluminum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atomic Radius Trend

A

the atomic radius decreases going from left to right across a period and increases from top to bottom in a column or family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ion trend

A

going from neutral to an anion, the anion will always be bigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

For every unit of negative charge, an electron is ____

A

gained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

For every unit of positive charge, an electron is ____

A

lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If elects are in the same family or column they will have similar _____ properties because they have the same number of ____ electrons

A

physical/valence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Metal properties

A
  • solids at room temperature
  • conduct electricity
  • form alloys
  • give up electro in chemical reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Non-metal properties

A
  • on right side periodic table (except Hydrogen)
  • doesn’t conduct energy
  • accepts electrons in chemical reactions
23
Q

Metalloid Properties

A
  • mixture of properties from metal and non metals
24
Q

Distribution of electrons in shells trend

A

as the shells go from 1-4 the energy increases

25
Q

Shell number 1 - 4, how many electrons can they hold

A

2, 8, 18, 32

26
Q

Metalloid elements

A

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te

27
Q

Ionization energy trend

A

increase left to right in period / decreases top to bottom in column

28
Q

Is the period horizontal or vertical

A

horizontal

29
Q

what is a cation

A

a positively charged ion

30
Q

Electronegativity trend

A

increases left to right across period/ decreases top to bottom in column

31
Q

How can you determine the number of valence electrons an element has?

A

By the group #

32
Q

The family is the same as what?

A

The column

33
Q

What is the mass number?

A

protons + neutrons

34
Q

What corresponds with protons?

A

electrons

35
Q

The Big Four

A

C, N, O, H

36
Q

The Next Seven

A

Ca, Cl, Mg, P, K, S, Na

37
Q

What does Ca do?

A

Helps form bones, teeth and helps with bloodclotting

38
Q

What does Cl do?

A

Helps with normal growth and development

39
Q

What does Mg do?

A

Helps with muscle action

40
Q

What does P do?

A

Helps with DNA/RNA, Storage & Tranfer

41
Q

What does K do?

A

Regulates electrical balance

42
Q

What does S do?

A

An essential component of proteins

43
Q

What does Na do?

A

Helps regulate electrical balance

44
Q

Trace Elements

A

Cr, Co, Cu, I, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn

45
Q

What is stock?

A

Concentrated solution

46
Q

Elements in group 1A tend to __ __ electrons to form __ with a charge of __ because ___

A

lose/ one/ cations/ +1/ Because they want a full octet

47
Q

As the radius goes from left to right, the radius gets ___

A

smaller

48
Q

As the radius goes from top to bottom, the radius gets ___

A

bigger

49
Q

Are Ions of period 1A and 2A with charges greater than 2 stable?

A

No

50
Q

Elements in group 2A __ __ electrons to form __ with a charge of __

A

lose/ two/ cations/ +2

51
Q

Elements in group 3A __ __ electrons to form a __ with a charge of __

A

lose/ three/ cation/ +3

52
Q

Elements in group 4A __ electrons to form a __ with a charge of __

A

share/ neither a cation or anion/ +0

53
Q

What is the ending for a cation?

A

ion

54
Q

What is the ending for an anion

A

-ide ion

Chemistry Lecture (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions