Unit 2

Question 1

official name

Answer 1

used in the official drug reference, USP (Pharmacopoeia of the US)

1906-1974 - NF (National Formulary)

Question 2

chemical name

Answer 2

describes the exact chemical composition of a drug

Question 3

generic name

Answer 3

for older drugs, this is the name handed down thru antiquity

for newer drugs, it is usually the “code” ahem given during testing phases that is based upon chemical name

will become official name if drug is included in USP

Question 4

contrast w/ therapeutic equiv

Answer 4

different drug completely (not a generic equiv)

Question 5

trade name

Answer 5

copyrighted name whose use is restricted to a single company (17 yrs –> generic)

Question 6

USP

Answer 6

1820

published every 5 yrs w/ supplements as needed

single drugs

older drugs deleted in favor of newer, more effective agents

Question 7

NF

Answer 7

1888-1975 not combined w/ USP

single drugs and formulas for drug mixtures

often included drugs deleted from USP

Question 8

AMA Drug Evaluations

Answer 8

• prepared by appointed experts
• drugs grouped according to use
• general discussion provided of each group
• favorable and unfavorable judgments expressed

Question 9

Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR)

Answer 9

• manufacturers buy space
• info similar to drug inserts
• cross-referenced to generic and chem names
• esp useful section on drug ID and dosage forms

Question 10

Drug Facts and Comparisons

Answer 10

• drugs grouped according to use
• comparison of various drug forms including cost comparison
• color photo section

-pharmacists use

Question 11

local drug activity

Answer 11

drug action occurring only at the site of application

Question 12

systemic drug activity

Answer 12

action of a drug that is absorbed then distributed throughout the body

• whole body
• specific target organ

Question 13

skin

Answer 13

local action - antiseptic, cleansing

Question 14

mucous membranes

Answer 14

local - sprays, decongestants

systemic - vasopressin, cocaine, heroin

Question 15

inhalation

Answer 15

local - antibiotics, detergents, enzymes

systemic - anesthetics, CO2, O2

Question 16

genitourinary

Answer 16

local action intended

Question 17

Oral (GI)

Answer 17

systemic effect

convenience, safety, cost

before, with, after meals

contraindications of oral route - vomit, irritating, Rx {} not high enough in blood stream

Question 18

sublingual and buccal

Answer 18

systemtic

• drugs destroyed by liver of digestive enzymes
• do not chew, swallow, or take w/ water

local
-anesthetic or antiseptic

Question 19

rectal

Answer 19

local - stimulate defecation reflex

systemic - retention enemas or suppositories

why use?

• bypass liver and digestive enzymes
• irritating to stomach
• uncooperative or unconscious pt
• antiemetic

Question 20

why might oral drug not reach blood in high enough concentration?

Answer 20

not absorbed thru GI tract

destroyed by digestive enzymes

destroyed by liver (portal system

Question 21

which routes bypass the portal circulation?

Answer 21

sublingual, buccal, rectal route

Question 22

parenteral routes

Answer 22

refers to injections

more hazardous route

• rapidly absorbed
• local tissue damage
• entrance of microorganisms

type depends on placement of needl

Question 23

depth of needle

Answer 23

• intramuscular
• subcutaneous
• intradermal

Question 24

Subcutaneous

Answer 24

• highly soluble and potent in small volume

- ice or tourniquet in case of reactio

Question 25

Intramuscular

Answer 25

• spreads over larger surface area
• fewer sensory nerve endings
• irritation less likely to lead to necrosi

Question 26

Intravenous

Answer 26

most rapid and dangerous route (no absorption