Unit 2 Flashcards
Describe meiosis
Diploid cells Chromosomes replicate into 2 chromatids Arrange into homologous pairs Pairs separate, number chromosomes half Chromatids separate
Product = 4 haploid cells all genetically different
How does Meiosis produce cells that are genetically different
Crossing over chromatids
Independent segregation
Allows different combinations of chromosomes
Name examples of polysaccharides
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Describe mitosis
Interphase
(DNA replication)
Prophase
(Break nuclear envelope)
Metaphase
(Chromosomes line up in middle)
Anaphase
(Centromere divides, chromatids separate)
Telophase
(Nuclear envelope forms around 2 separate group of chromosomes)
What is the surface area to volume ratio of small animals
Large surface area to volume ratio
How is antibiotic resistance passed on vertically
Asexual reproduction
Inherit gene
How is antibiotic resistance passed on horizontally
Two bacteria join in conjugation
Copy of plasmid passed through pilus
How can antibiotics treat disease
Antibiotics = chemicals that kill or inhibit growth of bacteria
Osmotic Lysis: Stops enzymes that make bonds in cell wall Weakens cell wall Water moves into cell by osmosis Pressure increases so cell bursts
Risk factors of coronary heart disease
High blood pressure
(Increase risk damage artery wall, so increase risk atheroma forming)
High cholesterol
(Fatty deposits that form atheromas)
Atheroma blocks blood flow to coronary arteries = lead to myocardial infarction
How does water enter plant through roots?
Osmosis water potential gradient into root
Symplast (cytoplasm) or apoplast (cell wall) pathway through root
List taxonomy order
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
