Unit 2: 5 Major World Religions Flashcards
Near what present-day country did Hinduism originate?
Pakistan.
Around the 5th century BCE, the Laws of Manu, commonly known as Manusmrti, were published and added harsh rules to Hindu life. Which two affected the caste system?
1) No movement between castes.
2) Brahmin are the lords of all castes.
What are the definitions of the 7 following core Hindu beliefs?
a) Brahman.
b) Atman.
c) Karma.
d) Moksha.
e) Vedas.
f) Cyclical Time.
g) Dharma.
a) One universal soul, or the connected soul of the universe. The ultimate reality and highest power; formless and genderless.
b) Immortal, individual soul.
c) Good or bad actions that affect society. Our actions today affect our future, and our actions of the past affect the present.
d) The ultimate goal, to be freed from the cycle of life and death. Realizing oneness.
e) Hindu sacred books of knowledge. There are 4, divinely revealed to ancient Hindu sages.
f) No beginning or end. 4.32 million years each. Declining human morality causes Shiva to reset this.
g) This proper behavior, or duty, maintains balance and equilibrium in the universe. Plants, animals, and humans have this.
What are the main characteristics of the four following Hindu gods?
1) Brahma, The Creator.
2) Vishnu, The Preserver.
3) Shiva, The Destroyer.
4) Ganesha, Shiva’s Son.
1) Has four heads that face in each of the four directions; these heads represent the Vedas and Yugas. He rides a swan.
2) Holds a discus to cut down anyone trying to mess with hs Dharma. Holds a conch which symbolizes victory and the five elements, and rides a giant eagle named Garuda.
3) Has a distinct third eye which is almost always closed. When it’s opened, though, he can melt your face. He rides a bull named Nandi.
4) Revered by Hindus, he’s the remover of obstacles. Born with a human head, he had to make due with an elephant head after his father cut it off.
What is the ancient language of Hinduism?
Sanskrit.
What are the 4 goals for a good life?
1) Dharma - Proper behavior/duty.
2) Artha - The pursuit of prosperity and a good mind.
3) Kama - Pleasure in body and mind.
4) Moksha - Release from the cycles of rebirth, the ultimate goal.
What is an avatar in Hinduism?
A god that descends on Earth to help reblance Earth’s Dharma.
True or False? In Western culture, yoga is associated with exercise and health while in Hinduism, it’s a much more personal and religious experience.
True.
True or False? Before Buddha was well, Buddha, he was named Siddartha Guatama. He lived the most lavish life a prince could ever life, never saw an ugly, old, or sick servant, and was given only life’s finest luxuries. Then, when we saw an ugly, sick, and dead person outside the palace for the first time, he began his journey to becoming the Buddha.
True. Did you really read all that? No, didn’t think so.
What are the 4 Noble Truths, and what order do they go in?
1) Life is Dukkha.
2) Desire causes Dukkha.
3) Dukkha can end.
4) 8-Fold Path ends Dukkha.
I have completely given up with this question, it’s 11 at night, I’m not wasting my time with this so here’s the answers for this one.
1) Right View - Accepting the Four Noble Truths; suffering exists, but by following the Buddha’s teachings, there’s a way out.
2) Right Thought - Don’t let negative thoughts like greed, fear, and anxiety cloud your mind. Fill your mind with positive thoughts like love, kindness, and compassion. “Your worst enemy cannot harm you as much as your own thoughts can.”
3) Right Speech - Don’t let negative thoughts like greed, fear, and anxiety cloud your mind. Fill your mind with positive thoughts like love, kindness, and compassion. “Your worst enemy cannot harm you as much as your own thoughts can.”
4) Right Action - A path of Ahimsa (non-violence). Instead of hurting other, try to have endless love for all life. Avoid bad things like killing, stealing, and drugs.
5) Right Livelihood - Avoid jobs that involve death, weapons, slavery, the harm of animals, drugs, and any kind of exploitation. Also means to be a kind and honest friend, parent, and partner.
6) Right Effort - Putting work into welcoming and creating good thoughts, and pushing out bad thoughts. Violence, hatred, greed, and anxiety all begin as negative thoughts.
7) Right Mindfulness - Pure attention in every moment. Remain present without judging and labeling your experiences; don’t let distracting thoughts bring you out of your present moment. This also helps you understand your mind and body so you can be aware of what causes negativity and positivity within you.
8) Right Concentration - Meditation; focusing your mind without distraction. Can give you insight into your thoughts to help detach from desire.
Which religion includes the Noble 8-Fold Path?
Buddhism.
What was the name of Buddha’s community of monks who continued to spread his teachings after his death?
The Sangha.
The Dalai Lama is a leader for which religion?
Buddhism.
What is one food Jewish people cannot eat because it’s not Kosher?
Pork.
What is the small hat Jewish men wear on top of their heads as a sign of respect for God known as?
A Yarmulke.
Which religion includes belief in the Five Pillars?
Islam.
