Unit 2 (5-8)

Question 1

Foreign Policy

Answer 1

A plan of action that guides a government’s decisions about its official relations with other countries (NATO, Treaties, Alliances, trade relations)

Question 2

Ultranationalism

Answer 2

An extreme form of nationalism. Often frantically loyal to their own nation and hostile towards other nations

Question 3

National Interest

Answer 3

Interests of people which may include economic prosperity, security and safety, and policies that promote shared beliefs and values

Question 4

Appeasement

Answer 4

Giving in to demands. This policy was practiced by Britain and the United States at the beginning of WW2

Question 5

Conscription

Answer 5

Compulsory military service Canada implemented this is WW1 and WW2

Question 6

Domestic Policy

Answer 6

A plan of action that guides a government’s decisions about what to do within a country (health care, education, pandemics, economy)

Question 7

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 7

Officially ended the First World War with specific requirements for Germany to take full blame and pay reparations

Question 8

USSR

Answer 8

A union of several nations under Russian control

Question 9

Policy

Answer 9

A plan of action that has been deliberately chosen to guide or influence future decisions

Question 10

Propaganda

Answer 10

Information and ideas that are spread to achieve a specific goal. Extreme nationalists may use dishonest information to create fear and insecurity to persuade people - used by all countries is WW1 and WW2

Question 11

Examples of National Interest

Answer 11

Economic Prosperity (money, jobs, trade, land), Security and safety (protect borders, laws), Beliefs and values (respect cultures, traditions, language)

Question 12

Peacekeeping

Answer 12

Keeping the peace in other nations. Canada was an active peacekeeper during the Rwandan Genocide

Question 13

Nationalism & National Interest

Answer 13

Our loyalty to our nation (nationalism) can influence citizens ideas about national interest. This can be a good thing - it can cause people to want make their nations stronger, however, it can also cause people to take extreme measures - such as invading another nation OR building-up a country’s reputation on the world stage

Question 14

Canada’s Arctic Sovereignty

Answer 14

Canada’s national interest is protecting its borders from Russian invasion. Russia’s national interest is economic (land) - Russia want’s the resources in the arctic

Question 15

Examples of Foreign Policy

Answer 15

Alliances, Treaties (treaty of versailles), NATO, trade agreements, tariffs

Question 16

Examples of Domestic Policy

Answer 16

Universal health care, education, housing, taxes

Question 17

M.A.I.N

Answer 17

National Interest for WW1: Militarism (new weapons, and soldiers), Alliances (friends with others- yay!), Imperialism(taking other people’s land and colonizing), Nationalism(We are better than you are!)

Question 18

How did WW1 start?

Answer 18

THE ASSASINATION OF ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDIDAND (AUSTRIAN) Austria-Hungary and Serbia had many years of tension between the two Nations. Serbia saw itself as the leader of all “Slavic” people and wanted to unite them as one nation.

Question 19

Allies VS Central Powers (ww1)

Answer 19

Allies- Russia, UK (Canada), France, Japan, Italy, USA
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

Question 20

How did Alliances play a role in WW1?

Answer 20

Germany was allied with Austria-Hungary so they joined the war.
Russia was allied with Serbia, So Russia Joins!
The “domino effect” happens and all countries join due to alliances

Question 21

Germany’s national interest WW1

Answer 21

Germany wanted LAND and to take the African colonies from Britain and France. They wanted power.

Question 22

Trench Warfare

Answer 22

Trench warfare during World War I was a brutal and defining feature of the conflict. It involved opposing armies digging extensive networks of trenches to protect themselves from enemy fire. These trenches stretched for hundreds of miles, particularly along the Western Front, creating a stalemate where neither side could gain significant ground

Question 23

Chemical Warfare (ww1)

Answer 23

The Germans were the first to use chemical warfare in 1914 in the form of Chlorine Gas. It was a greenish-yellow gas that led to slow suffocation → they later began to use phosgene Gas which was more potent.

Question 24

USA Joins WW1- Why?

Answer 24

-Germany was sinking American submarines
-The Zimmerman Telegram- Germany was trying to convince Mexico to attack the USA

Question 25

USA National Interest BEFORE joining WW1

Answer 25

USA was had alliances with both sides of the war and they didn't want to stop trade with any countries. They wanted to remain neutral for economic reasons.

Question 26

The Treaty of Versailles

Answer 26

The war officially ended with the Treaty of Versaille signed on June 28, 1919 → The treaty blamed Germany for the war and imposed HARSH penalties, such as: Loss of territory Military restrictions (army limited to 100 000 men, no tanks or airforce Reparation payments to the Allies War Guilt Clause (Germany had to accept FULL responsibility

Question 27

Nationalism VS Ultranationalism

Answer 27

ome people believe that ultranationalism is the most extreme form of nationalism in the world → Ultranationalists have a strong sense of their own national identity but little respect for the national identity of others → They believe that their country can do no wrong → They separate people into “us” and “them” → They will trample on the interest of others for their own benefit

Question 28

Germany AFTER WW1

Answer 28

-The Great Depression made them poor -They were angry with everyone -Reparation payments made them poor -They had strict laws against them from ww1 -The treaty of Versailles basically makes them so mad that they turn ultranationalistic

Question 29

Stalin & Communism ww2

Answer 29

After Stalin gains power, he begins to make decisions on what is the “national interest” of the USSR → What’s that, you might ask? COMMUNISM! Policies: Gulag (prison) camps for people who opposed his views Secret Police (NKVD) to control people Purges of 1936 and 1939 where he eliminated opponents in the Communist Party and Soviet Armed Forces Rewriting history by altering the archives Rapid and forced industrialization of the country Collectivization of all farms- private farms were taken by force

Question 30

Rise of Hitler

Answer 30

These were his promises: → Ignore the Treaty of Versailles → Rebuild their armed forces and reclaim any territory lost at the end of WW1 → Restore the superior “Aryan Race” -White Europeans, specifically German and Nordic peoples → To NOT be communist

Question 31

Hitler's National Interest

Answer 31

Expand Territory Rebuild Germany’s Power Create a “Pure” German State Destroy Communism Economic Control and Resources

Question 32

Propaganda & WW2

Answer 32

Nazi Propaganda experts used radio, movies, public addresses, and giant posters to spread Hitler’s messages -Propaganda was controlled so Germans were ONLY receiving Hitler's messages -History was rewritten and books were destroyed -Youth were encouraged to join Hitler's youth groups

Question 33

Why does the US join WW2 in 1941?

Answer 33

The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour (Hawaii)

Question 34

Why does the Soviet Union (Stalin) join the allies in WW2?

Answer 34

Hitler disobeyed their treaty and tried to take-over Russian territory

Question 35

Appeasement in WW2

Answer 35

Appeasement - giving into demands- was the first way European powers responded to Hitler. After WW1 and the Great Depression, the National interests of many were to avoid war at all costs. Hitler had began taking back territory it used to own prior to WW1 in Czechoslovakia, and he promised the leaders of Britain (Neville Chamberlain), France(Edouard Daladier), and Italy (Benito Mussolini) that he would not expand any further

Question 36

Canadian Conscription

Answer 36

Both ww1 and ww2. In WW2 they started with a "soft-conscription" before forcing all males into the army

Question 37

Ukrainian Internment (ww1)

Answer 37

Because of the ties to Austria-Hungary, Ukrainians were thrown into internment camps, classifying them as “enemy aliens”, restricting their freedoms, and requiring identification cards

Question 38

Japanese Internment (ww2)

Answer 38

Japanese Canadians were rounded-up and thrown into internment camps as well. Conditions were like prisons, and the Japanese who were eventually set free had all of their belongings sold to the government

Question 39

Why did Japan join ww2?

Answer 39

They were in a severe economic crisis and they were MAD that they did not receive anything from the Treaty of Versailles

Question 40

Benito Mussolini

Answer 40

Dictator of Italy during WW2

Question 41

Crimes Against Humanity:

Answer 41

Crimes that offend nearly everyone because they reflect so badly on all humanity- Murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, imprisonment, torture, sexual violence, etc.

Question 42

Genocide:

Answer 42

refers to the killing/bodily or mental harm/bring about destruction of members of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group

Question 43

War Crimes:

Answer 43

Wilful killing, torture, or inhumane treatment; wilfully causing great suffering; intentionally attacking civilian populations or those in the act of peacekeeping

Question 44

Holocaust

Answer 44

Crime against humanity - the goal was to eliminate Jewish people from society (genocide) to create the perfect Aryan Race -Concentration camps

Question 45

Holodomr

Answer 45

Ukrainian Famine - Stalin intentionally starved Ukrainian people for their resistance against giving-up their farms

Question 46

Rape of Nanjing

Answer 46

Also called the Nanjing Massacre During 1937, Japanese troops captured the city of Nanjing, China (formerly the capital city). Japan and China had been at war with each other, and the Japanese people treated the civilians of Nanjing with extreme cruelty.

Question 47

Bombing of Hiroshima

Answer 47

Revenge against Pearl Harbour - the Americans dedicated time and research to creating the first Atomic Bomb. The two atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945—Little Boy and Fat Man—caused unparalleled devastation, killing tens of thousands instantly and leaving long-term environmental and health impacts.

Question 48

The End of WW2

Answer 48

World War II ended in 1945 after a series of decisive events: (1) In Europe, the Allies launched successful campaigns, including the D-Day invasion in June 1944, which led to the liberation of occupied territories. (2)The Soviet Red Army advanced from the east, capturing Berlin in May 1945. (3)Adolf Hitler's suicide on April 30, 1945, marked the collapse of Nazi Germany, and Germany formally surrendered on May 8, 1945, known as V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day).

Question 49

Self-Determination

Answer 49

Self-determination means that a group of people, like a nation, has the right to make its own decisions about how it wants to be governed and how it wants to shape its future. It’s about having the freedom to choose leaders, laws, and policies that reflect the group’s identity, culture, and values without being controlled by others.

Question 50

Referendum:

Answer 50

Vote of the people where results are binding (have to be followed)

Question 51

Plebiscite

Answer 51

Vote of the people. More like a poll, where they can use the results to gather information!

Question 52

Successor States

Answer 52

Nations that are all tied together (like the USSR) and then usually break apart due to differences in ideas or culture. These nations often seek self-determination (Example - Ukraine)

Question 53

Decolonization

Answer 53

Being under control of a mother country (like Britain) and choosing to being sovereign and seek self-determination. Example - India