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Science 8 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the ?5 characteristics of all living things?

A

-Energy-Environment-Reproduction-Growth-Waste

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2
Q

Major organs are made from what?

A

tissue

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3
Q

What is the basic unit of every system?

A

Cell

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4
Q

What is the smallest thing scientists consider to be alive?

A

Cell

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5
Q

In a pant, it is the responsibility of what system to help make food for the plant?

A

the shoot system (stems and leaves)

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6
Q

A Dutch merchant named________________ made instruments called microscopes.

A

Anton vee Leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

What did Anton vee Leeuwenhoek call unicellular organisms?

A

Animalcules

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8
Q

What are the 2 points of the cell theory that was brought about by Schleiden and Schwann and Rudolf Virchow?

A
  1. All living things are composed of one or more cell2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms
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9
Q

What should you never use on medium or high power of a microscope?

A

Coarse Adjustment Knob

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10
Q

What holds the eyepiece and objective lenses at proper working distance from each other?

A

The tube

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11
Q

What is another name for the eyepiece?

A

Ocular lens

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12
Q

The holes on the _____ _____ you turn are called the _______ and they help control the amount of light that reaches the slide.

A

condenser lensdiaphragm

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13
Q

What are the two structure that a plant cell does have but an animal cell does not?

A

cell wallchloroplasts/chlorophyll

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14
Q

What are the different structures of a cell called?

A

organelles

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15
Q

What are the storage places for food, waste and other substance a plant doesn’t use right away called?

A

Vacuoles

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16
Q

The structures in which photosynthesis takes place are called ___________.

A

Chloroplasts

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17
Q

What is the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane?

A

Osmosis

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18
Q

What is it called when a cell membrane only lets certain things through?

A

Semi-Permeable

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19
Q

Water moves from areas of _____ to _____.

A

HighLow

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20
Q

What are the tissues inside a plant that transport materials, and connect the roots to the leaves?

A

Vascular tissues

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21
Q

What are the tissues called that transport sugars?

A

Phloem Tissues

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22
Q

What are the tissues that transport water, nutrients, and minerals?

A

Xylem Tissues

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23
Q

What is transpiration?

A

When a plant ‘sweats’

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24
Q

Where does transpiration in plants occur?

A

under the leaves through the stomata

25
Q

What can affect the rate of transpiration in a plant?

A

Drought

26
Q

What are the three advantages of multicellular organisms over unicellular organisms.

A
  1. More complex (Larger/Specialized)2. Live in many different environments3. Can eat a variety of different foods
27
Q

Cells with the same structure and function are called _______.

A

Tissue

28
Q

Groups of different tissues form ________.

A

Organs

29
Q

Organs work together in _______.

A

Systems

30
Q

Systems work together to form an ____________.

A

Organism

31
Q

What is the tissues that protects the outside of a plant?

A

Epidermal tissue

32
Q

What is the tissue that protects the outside of our bodies?

A

Epithelial tissue

33
Q

What are the 3 systems in a plant?

A
  1. Root System2. Shoot System3. Reproductive System
34
Q

What are the parts in the root system?

A

-roots-root hairs

35
Q

What are the parts in the shoot system?

A

-stems-leaves

36
Q

What are the parts in the reproductive system?

A

-flowers-fruit-seeds

37
Q

What are the 2 functions of the root system?

A

-obtain water and minerals from the soil-anchor the plant in the ground

38
Q

What is the function of the shoot system?

A

To make food for the plant (photosynthesis)

39
Q

What are the 5 major systems in the human body?

A

DigestiveRespiratoryCirculatoryNervousExcretory

40
Q

What does the Digestive system do?

A

Breaks down food, absorbs food particles, and eliminates waste.

41
Q

What does the Respiratory system do?

A

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

42
Q

What does the circulatory system do?

A

Circulates blood, transports food particles, dissolved gases and other materials

43
Q

What does the Nervous system do?

A

Controls and coordinates body activities, senses internal and external changes

44
Q

What doe the Excretory system do?

A

Regulates blood composition and excretes waste fluids

45
Q

What are the parts of the Digestive system?

A

esophagus, stomach, intestines

46
Q

What are the parts of the respiratory system?

A

Trachea (windpipe), lungs, bronchioles, bronchus, alveoli

47
Q

What are the parts of the circulatory system?

A

Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

48
Q

How does oxygen and carbon dioxide pass between the respiratory and circulatory system?

A

Oxygen goes in the nose/mouth, down the trachea, into the lungs, to the bronchus, bronchioles, and alveoli, the alveoli are covered in capillaries; the capillaries absorb the oxygen and take it to the heart.

49
Q

Where does the transfer of food from the digestive system to the circulatory system take place?

A

In the small intestine. Villi lining the intestine walls are surrounded in capillaries; the capillaries absorb the nutrients.

50
Q

What are the two ways our body tries to cool us down?

A

-sweating-turning red (blood vessels expand so they are close to the skin to give off heat)

51
Q

Your body’s response to certain stimuli are coordinated by what system?

A

The nervous system

52
Q

What are the major components of blood?

A

PlasmaRed blood cellsWhite blood cellsPlatelets

53
Q

What is plasma?

A

carries nutrients, waste, hormones, and blood cells

54
Q

What are red blood cells?

A

carries oxygen

55
Q

What are white blood cells?

A

defends body against infection and disease

56
Q

What are platelets?

A

causes blood to clot

57
Q

What is a manipulated variable?

A

something that is changing

58
Q

What is a responding variable?

A

the thing you are observing

59
Q

what is a controlled variable?

A

what you kept the same

Science 8 (5 decks)

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