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Biology 240 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

The fluid material inside the cell where chemical process occur I so that the cell can use for energy.

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2
Q

What is the cell nucleus?

A

The master organelle that contains genetic material responsible for controlling actions that occur in the cell. These organelles convert food energy in energy yielding nutrients.

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3
Q

What is an endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Organelle that is composed of a network of canals running through the cytoplasm. Is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification of toxic substances, calcium storage release is the cells, and protein synthesis.
Also contains some ribosomes.

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4
Q

What is a Golgi complex?

A

Cell organelle near the nucleus that processes newly synthesized protein for secretion or distribution to other organelles.

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5
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes for use inside cell for turnover of cell parts. Digest worn out cell components.

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6
Q

What are peroxisomes?

A

Cell organelles that destroys toxic products within the cell (detoxifies). Contain enzymes that detoxify harmful chemicals and a protective enzyme called catalase. This prevents excessive accumulation of Hydrogen Peroxide in the cell. Alcohol is digested here.

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7
Q

What is an anabolic cell metabolism?

A

Anabolic metabolism requires energy to build up molecules and cells.

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8
Q

What is catabolic cell metabolism?

A

Occurs when cells take molecules apart to release energy.

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9
Q

What is the hepatic portal vein?

A

A large vein that carries nutrient rich blood from capillaries in intestines to portions of the stomach and liver.

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10
Q

What is a lumen?

A

Hollow opening inside a tube, such as the GI tract

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11
Q

What is amylase?

A

Starch digesting enzyme produced by salivary glands

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12
Q

What is lipase?

A

Fat digesting enzyme produced by salivary glands, stomach and pancreas

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13
Q

What is a bolus?

A

Food that is mixed with saliva swallowed from oral cavity into the pharynx

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14
Q

What is passive diffusion?

A

Diffusion of nutrients across the absorptive cell membranes

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15
Q

What does facilitated diffusion mean?

A

Diffusion of nutrients across the absorptive cell.

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16
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Uses a carrier protein to move nutrients down a concentration gradient.

17
Q

What is an active absorption?

A

Involves a carrier protein as well as energy to move nutrients into absorptive cells.

18
Q

What is phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

A

They are forms of active transport in which absorptive cell membrane forms an indentation that engulfs a nutrient to bring it into cell

19
Q

What is nutritional genomics?

A

Interactions between nutrition and genetics; the umbrella of nitrogen ethics and nitrogen omits

20
Q

What is nutrigenetics?

A

Effects of genes on nutritional health such as variations in nutrient requirements and responsiveness to dietary modifications.

21
Q

What is nutrigenetics?

A

Food impacts health through its interaction with our genes and its subsequent effect in gene expression.

22
Q

What are ulcers?

A

Erosion of the tissue lining, usually in stomach or upper small intestine. Due to h. Pylori. Treatment is non- steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, antacid medications.

23
Q

Gastroesophogeal Reflux Disease

A

Heartburn. Can damage lining of esophagus.

24
Q

IBS

A

Irritable bowel syndrome.

25
Q

Celiac disease

A

Chronic immune mediated disease precipitated by exposure to dietary protein gluten in genetically predisposed people. Found in grains, wheat, rye, and barely. Flattens villi, limits absorption of nutrients.

26
Q

What is the cell plasma?

A

The cell membrane that holds cellular contents. Regulates substances flowing in and out of cells. Cholesterol is part of each cell membrane.

Biology 240 (3 decks)

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