Unit 2-3 Exam Vocabulary

Question 1

Atomic Structure

Answer 1

he structure of an atom, theoretically consisting of a positively charged nucleus surrounded and neutralized by negatively charged electrons revolving in orbits at varying distances from the nucleus, the constitution of the nucleus and the arrangement of the electrons differing with various chemical elements.

Question 2

Electrons

Answer 2

a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

Question 3

Neutrons

Answer 3

a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen.

Question 4

Protons

Answer 4

a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign.

Question 5

Ions

Answer 5

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.

Question 7

Average Atomic Mass

Answer 7

the sum of the masses of its isotopes, each multiplied by its natural abundance (the decimal associated with percent of atoms of that element that are of a given isotope).

Question 8

Metals

Answer 8

a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity (e.g., iron, gold, silver, copper, and aluminum, and alloys such as brass and steel).

Question 9

Nonmetals

Answer 9

an element or substance that is not a metal.

Question 10

Metalloids

Answer 10

an element (e.g., germanium or silicon) whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals. They are electrical semiconductors.

Question 11

Alkali Metals

Answer 11

any of the elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium, occupying Group IA (1) of the periodic table. They are very reactive, electropositive, monovalent metals forming strongly alkaline hydroxides.

Question 12

Alkali Earth Metals

Answer 12

any of the divalent strongly basic metals of group II of the periodic table comprising beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium

Question 13

Halogens

Answer 13

any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, occupying group VIIA (17) of the periodic table. They are reactive nonmetallic elements that form strongly acidic compounds with hydrogen, from which simple salts can be made.

Question 14

Noble Gases

Answer 14

any of the gaseous elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, occupying Group 0 (18) of the periodic table. They were long believed to be totally unreactive but compounds of xenon, krypton, and radon are now known.

Question 15

Transition Metals

Answer 15

the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another.

Question 16

Inner Transition Metals

Answer 16

s one of a group of chemical elements on the periodic table. They are normally shown in two rows below all the other elements.

Question 17

Period

Answer 17

The name was given to a horizontal row of the periodic table. The periodic table has seven periods.

Question 18

Group/family

Answer 18

is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table, and the f-block columns (between groups 3 and 4) are not numbered.

Question 19

Periodic Trends/ periodicity

Answer 19

electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius, melting point, and metallic character. Periodic trends, arising from the arrangement of the periodic table, provide chemists with an invaluable tool to quickly predict an element’s properties.

Question 20

Atomic Radius Trend

Answer 20

it can be defined as something similar to the radius of a circle, where the center of the circle is the nucleus and the outer edge of the circle is the outermost orbital of electron. As you begin to move across or down the periodic table, trends emerge that help explain how atomic radii change.

Question 21

Halogen Elements

Answer 21

Group 17, elements - Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine

Question 22

Alkali Metals Elements

Answer 22

Group 1, elements - Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium

Question 23

Alkali Earth Metals Elements

Answer 23

Group 2, elements - Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium.

Question 24

Noble Gases Elements

Answer 24

Group 18, elements - Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon

Question 25

Transition Metals Elements

Answer 25

Elements - Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Yttrium, Zirconium, Niobium, Molybdenum, Technetium, Ruthednium, Rhodium, Palladium, Silver, Cadmium, Lanthanum, Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten, Rhenium, Osmium, Iridium, Platinum, Gold, Mercury, Actinium, Rutherfordium, Dubnium, Seaborgium, Bohrium, Hassium, Meitnerium