Unit 2 Flashcards
To Pass Exam 2
Define deciduous
shedding leaves annually
Define stele
the central cylinder of tissues in a stem or root; usually consists primarily of xylem and phloem
Define heartwood
nonliving, usually darker-colored wood whose cells have ceased to function in water conduction
Define sapwood
outer layers of wood that transport water and minerals in a tree trunk; sapwood is usually lighter in color than heartwood
Describe a herbaceous dicotyledonous stem’s tissue.
They vascular bundles arranged in a ring inside the stem. Largely primary tissue but may include cambia
Describe a woody dicotyledonous stem’s tissue
They have most of their secondary tissues arranged in concentric layers.
Describe a monocotyledonous stem’s tissue
Does not have a vascular cambium, no secondary tissues, or cork. Has scattered vascular bundles.
List all of the specialized stems
Rhizomes, Runners/stolons, tubers, bulbs, corms, cladophylls
What are rhizomes?
They grow below the ground. Adventitious roots grow on the lower surface of them. They are thick, fleshy, and a food-storage organ.
What are runners and stolons?
Runners are horizontal stems that grow above ground generally along the surface. They have long internodes. Sometimes they can grow new plants.
Stolons are produced beneath the surface of the ground and tend to grow in different directions. Runners and stolons are variations of one another.
What are tubers?
Internodes at the tips of stolons that swell from accumulation of food.
What are bulbs?
Large buds surrounded by numerous fleshy leaves, with a small stem at the lower end. The bulb tissue stores food.
What are corms?
Are composed almost entirely of stem tissue, except for the few papery, scalelike leaves sparsely covering the outside. Corms also store food.
What are cladophylls?
Flattened stems that resemble leaves.
What are the basic properties of wood?
Density, durability, types of sawing, knots,
What is the function of leaves?
solar panels to provide the plant with energy. they are also known as the plant’s organs
What are simple leaves?
a single blade
What are compound leaves?
a leaf that is divided in various ways into leaflets. they still only have one axillary bud at the base.
What are the two types of compound leaves?
Pinnately compound: leaves have the leaflets in pairs along an extension of the petiole
Palmately compound: leaves have all the leaflets attached at the same point at the end of the petiole
What is the function and form of stomata?
Generally found on the bottom of the leaves. They are tiny pores which allow carbon dioxide gas to enter for photosynthesis. Also plays a role in the diffusion out of the leaf of oxygen produced during photosythesis. They can be found in the epidermis and a thin layer of cutin . Each pore is surrounded by guard cells.
What are the three types of leaves arrangement?
alternate (leaves attached alternately or in a spiral along a stem, with one leaf per node), opposite (two leaves may be attached at each node), whorled (three or more leaves occur at a node)
