Unit 2: 19th Century PH in Rizal's Context Flashcards
The 19th century in the Philippines was dubbed as […], […], […], and […]
- era of challenges
- age of enlightenment
- birth of modern life
- birth of nations
When did the Galleon Trade occur?
1565-1815
(250 years)
When did the Galleon Trade end?
September 14, 1815
Who found the arrival course from Cebu to Mexico in 1565, thus establishing the Galleon Trade?
Andres De Urdaneta
How many total Galleons set sail from Manila during the Galleon Trade?
110
During the Galleon Trade, the Spanish government declared Manila as the […]
commerce center of the east
When did the Suez Canal first open?
Nov. 17, 1869
Who was the French diplomat who constructed the Suez Canal?
Ferdinand de Lesseps
A waterway in Egypt that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez
Suez Canal
Dubbed as the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa
Suez Canal
The Suez canal shortened travel time from Spain to Manila from […] to […]
- 3 months
- 32-40 days
Term used for Filipinos who can study abroad
Illustrados
A period during which the Philippines was building its cash crop economy
Rise of Export of Crop Economy
(1820-1870)
The advancement of Philippine cash crop exports was propelled by […] and […] vendors
- north European
- north American
When was the opium monopoly legalized by the Spanish government?
1840s
When was the monopoly of spirituous liquor?
1712-1864
When was the monopoly of betel nuts?
1764
When was the monopoly of tobacco?
1782-1882
When was the monopoly of explosives?
1805-1864
The most controversial and oppressive monopoly in the Philippines
Tobacco Monopoly
(March 1, 1782)
Who placed the tobacco industry under government control?
Governor-General Jose Basco y Vargas
When was the Tobacco Monopoly abolished?
1882
(after 100 years)
Who abolished the Tobacco Monopoly?
Governor-General Primo De Rivera
The objective of education in the Philippines during the Spanish rule
To make obedient, God-fearing citizens
Who mandated the education of locals in the Philippines?
King Philip II
(Leyes de Indias)
A term used to define pure blood Spaniards born in Spain but had moved to a colony
Peninsulares
A term used to define pure blood Spaniards born in the Philippines
Insulares
A Royal Decree which provided for the establishment of educational institutions for boys and girls
Educational Decree of December 20, 1863
The only university-level institution in the Philippines during the 19th century
University of Santo Tomas
When was the Rise of Chinese Mestizos?
1741-1898
The hierarchy of the Inquilino System
- Friars/Secular Spanish
- Administrator
- Inquilino
- Sharecroppers/Kasamas
The 4 conflicts between estate owners and workers during the Rise of Inquilinos
- excessive taxes and rent
- decline of sharing agreements
- extreme labor demands
- capricious crop pricing
A political philosophy focused on the ideals of freedom and equality
Liberalism
A political revolution in Europe and elsewhere wherein monarchial rule was overthrown and replaced by a liberal government system
French Revolution
(1789-1799)
4 farms of Tobacco Industry
- Nueva Ecija
- Marinduque
- Ilocos
- Cagayan Valley
The battle cry during the French Revolution
“Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity”
The first liberal governor-general in the Philippines and a role model of liberalism
Governor-General Carlos Maria De la Torre
(1869-1871)
The most beloved Spanish governor-general in the Philippines
Governor-General Carlos Maria De la Torre
(1869-1871)
A series of economic and political changes in Spain in the 18th century to increase royal revenues and reduce the power of the nobility
Bourbon Reforms
The Spanish King who created the Bourbon Reforms
Spanish Bourbon King Philip V
(1700-1746)
During the Napoleonic control of Spain, a liberal constitution was declared in […]
Cadiz
(March 1812)
The first constitution in Europe to deal with national sovereignty, recognizing that sovereignty comes from the people, not the king
Cadiz Constitution
The first 2 delegates of the Philippines during the Cadiz Constitution
- Pedro Perez de Tagle
- Jose Manuel Coretto
A governor-general of the Cadiz Constitution who called for an election of Manila officials
Governor-General Manuel Gonzales Aguilar
Appointee from the Royal Corps of Artillery of Manila who was appointed by Aguilar
Don Ventura de Los Reyes
Who declared the Cadiz Constitution invalid and reestablished absolutism?
King Fernando VII
(May 1814)
It institutes the principles of universal male suffrage, national sovereignty, constitutional monarchy, and freedom of the press, and advocates land reform and free enterprise
Cadiz Constitution
A worldview founded on ideas of freedom and equality
Liberalism
Commonly depicted as the birth of modern life and nation-states
19th century
The qualified system of tenancy, or the right to use land in exchange for rent
Inquilino System
When did the Spanish government close the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico?
1565
The son of poor Ilocano parents who took part in the Ilocos revolt led by Diego Silang in 1762
Don Ventura de los Reyes
Became the trading hub where China, India, Japan, and Southeast Asian countries sent their goods to be consolidated for shipping
Manila
They played the role of agents who could distribute imports in the interior and buy up goods for export during the development of the export crop industry
Chinese
The mandated Spanish authorities in the Philippines to educate the locals
Spanish missionaries
The strict discipline used by Spanish friars for the locals to learn fast
corporal punishments
They were highly respected in their respective pueblos or towns, though regarded as filibusteros or rebels by the friars
Ilustrados
