Unit 2 Flashcards
What is ideal and non ideal theory? (Carens)
Perfection and compliance (ideal) vs reality (non ideal)
What is Carens’ basic argument for open borders?
Equal moral worth between persons; closed borders deny equal worth
What does Carens mean by “birthright citizenship is like a feudal privilege?”
Problem is NOT citizenship at birth’ inability to change citizenship IS
What makes political community valuable? (Carens)
Autonomy- ability to make your own choice
Identity- ability to express and revise their identities
What argument does Carens give for extending birthright citizenship to children of (1) citizens, (2) emigrants, (3) immigrants, and (4) irregular migrants?
Citizens: value political community
Emigrants: weighty interest
Immigrants: political community
Irregular: undocumented migrant rights increase over time; state
right to deport decreases over time
ALL: appeal to the equal worth of persons
What is Putnam’s thesis?
Gentrification induced displacement is pro tanto (some things considered) unjust
What is Putnam’s nexus of domination?
The state, landlords, and gentrifying residents
What produces gentrification? (Putnam)
Low-income tenants
Unaffordable rent
Affluent influx
What are the harms of gentrification? (Putnam)
Continuity of residence
Located attachments
Security of shelter
What is domination? (Putnam)
The capacity to interfere arbitrarily with others’ morally weighty preferences (basic goods)
What is first-order domination? (Putnam)
landlord-tenant relationship
What is higher-order domination? (Putnam)
dependence on arbitrary preferences that determine domination at the first-order level
How does higher-order domination occur? (Putnam) (Arrow chart)
Potential gentrifiers -> critical mass -> desiredness begets desirablilty -> (back to potential gentrifiers)
Why is rental housing a special commodity? (Putnam)
Basicness (like food or water)
Relationality (obtained with high exit costs, unlike food)
Non-fungibility (equally priced units cannot be substituted without costs)
What policy interventions does Putnam propose?
Subsidies
Rent control
Increase supply
Who is morally responsible for gentrification from most to least important? (Putnam)
The state
Landlord
Gentrifiers
Citizens
What is M. Friedman’s thesis?
The only social responsibility of business is to make profit and abide by the rules of the game (open competition without deception or fraud)
Three arguments that M. Friedman gives against social responsibility
Social responsibility is vague
Only individualism is coherent
Social responsibility undermines the scope of the political mechanism
Non-consequentialist moral argument against social responsibility? (M. Friedman)
Socially responsible exec is essentially imposing taxes, which should remain a gov. function
Consequentialist moral argument against social resp. (M. Friedman)
Knowledge objection: execs have the knowledge to help business, not to make society better
Practical objection: a socially responsible exec will be fired and replaced
What is F&F’s thesis?
Wealth without limits- reject limitarianism
What is limitarianism’s argument? (F&F)
Officials should enforce taxes to benefit the poor
Taxing billionaires to abolishment would benefit the poor
Therefore, we should tax billionaires to abolish them
What is F&F’s method of argument?
Comparative: public officials v the private billionaire
Incentive-based: billionaires, even those who inherit their wealth, have better incentives than public officials
Egalitarian: consistent with distributive equality; abolishing billionaires would make the world less equal, increase poverty, etc.
F&F arguments in defense of billionaires
Collective Action: billionaires are in a better position to solve collective action problems than public officials
Accountability: billionaires are more accountable than public officials
