Unit 2

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

Brain & Spinal Cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 2

Somatic and autonomic nervous system) Everything else

Question 3

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 3

Controls skeletal muscles

Question 4

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 4

Involuntary functions

Question 5

Sympathetic

Answer 5

Fight or flight

Question 6

Parasympathetic

Answer 6

Rest & digest

Question 7

Taylor’s Research (The Tending Instinct)

Answer 7

Men: Fight or flight, isolate after work stress; Women: Tend & befriend, connect after stress

Question 8

SRY gene

Answer 8

Increases epinephrine → fight/flight

Question 9

Oxytocin

Answer 9

Released in childbirth, breastfeeding, orgasm; Encourages bonding

Question 10

Testosterone

Answer 10

Higher levels → more aggression

Question 11

Neurotransmitter

Answer 11

Motor neurons, Sensory neurons, Interneurons

Question 12

Motor Neurons

Answer 12

Terminal endings are at muscle cells (typing, writing) (type of neurotransmitter)

Question 13

Sensory Neurons

Answer 13

involved in sensation (type of Neurotransmitter)

Question 14

Neuron Structure

Answer 14

Dendrites: Listen; Axon: Speak; Myelin Sheath: Insulates & speeds up signals; Terminal Endings: Release neurotransmitters

Question 15

Neural Firing

Answer 15

Resting (negative charge) → Fire (positive ions in) → Refractory period (like a flushing toilet)

Question 16

Glial Cells

Answer 16

Support neurons, provide nutrition & maintenance

Question 17

Example of Neurotransmitters

Answer 17

Serotonin, Dopamine, Actylcholine, Norepinephrine,GABA, Glutamate, Endorphins

Question 18

Neurotransmitters

Answer 18

how neurons communicate with each other

Question 19

Serotonin

Answer 19

Mood, sleep, appetite; SSRIs (e.g., Prozac): Increase serotonin but placebo effect debated

Question 20

Dopamine

Answer 20

Movement, learning, impulse control; DRD4 gene: Linked to impulsivity & infidelity (“slut gene”); Too much → Schizophrenia; Too little → Parkinson’s

Question 22

Acetylcholine

Answer 22

Movement, memory; Too much → Depression; Too little → Alzheimer’s

Question 23

Norepinephrine

Answer 23

Alertness; Too little → Depression; Too much → Schizophrenia

Question 24

GABA

Answer 24

Inhibitory, calms anxiety

Question 25

Glutamate

Answer 25

Learning & memory; Too much → Migraines

Question 26

Endorphins

Answer 26

Pain relief, pleasure

Question 27

Medulla

Answer 27

Breathing, heart rate, reflexes (damage = fatal)

Question 28

Pons

Answer 28

Sleep, dreaming, sleep paralysis

Question 29

Cerebellum

Answer 29

Balance & coordination (hit first by alcohol)

Question 30

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

Answer 30

Screens sensory info, prioritizes stimuli

Question 31

Thalamus

Answer 31

Sensory relay

Question 32

Limbic System

Answer 32

Emotions & drives; Hypothalamus: Hunger, thirst, sex, temperature; Amygdala: Fear & aggression; Hippocampus: Memory formation (HM case study)

Question 33

Corpus Callosum

Answer 33

Connects brain hemispheres (split-brain studies)

Question 34

Apraxia

Answer 34

Movement coordination issue

Question 35

Agnosia

Answer 35

Recognition disorder (e.g., face blindness)

Question 36

Aphasia

Answer 36

Language disorders; Broca's (Expressive): Cannot speak fluently; Wernicke's (Receptive): Fluent but nonsensical speech

Question 37

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 37

Cannot form new memories (EP case study)

Question 38

Left Hemisphere

Answer 38

Language, logic

Question 39

Right Hemisphere

Answer 39

Spatial skills, music, facial recognition

Question 40

Split-Brain Patients

Answer 40

Each hemisphere functions independently

Question 41

Neuroplasticity

Answer 41

Brain rewired after damage

Question 42

The Hindbrain

Answer 42

Medulla , Pons, Cerebellum

Question 43

The Midbrain

Answer 43

RAS and All of the sounds, odors, sights

Question 44

The Forebrain

Answer 44

Thalamus, Limbic System (Hippocampus Hypothalamus, Amygdala), Corpus Callosum, Basal Ganglia