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Archeology unit 2 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Terminal Pliestocene

A

Long term food production, dog domestication, pottery and grinding stones

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2
Q

Holecene

A

11.y kya-modern day

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3
Q

Neolithic

A

“New Stone Age” 7k-1.7kya

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4
Q

Pottery significance

A

S. China 19-11kya and Mongolia 15-8.5kya show and help to show culture and dating

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5
Q

Xianrendong Cave

A

S. China 21-17kya shows domesitcated and semi-domesticated rice. Also shows early Agro-Pastoral and Hunter-Gatherers using pottery

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6
Q

Novotroitskoye 10

A

Russian River basin with mutliple sites showing pottery stone tools and pit houses with hearths

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7
Q

Transbaikal

A

S. Central SIberia site with pottery that shoes ‘mobile hunter-gatherer’ 12 kya

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8
Q

Hokkaido

A

S. Japan site with projectiles

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9
Q

Honshu

A

Central Japan 17-14kya, projectiles, huts, and pottery.

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10
Q

S. Kyushu

A

Japan 12-8kya with ceramics

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11
Q

Early cities challenges

A

poor sanitation led to disease and depressed birth rates. Often affected new immigrants and lower classes. Diseases include malaria, fever, measles, pox, bubonia, pnuemonia, typhoid, cholera, hepatitis.

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12
Q

How did cities overcome disease

A

Citiers depended on immigration to sustain their population and grow EX Uruk city

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13
Q

Who immigrated in the Early Dynastic

A

Many people immigrated due to famine, protection, economy, religion, and war

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14
Q

Early Dynastic-

A

4k-2.75k BC and marked urbansim

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15
Q

What did urbanism due to society

A

Created entropy and fragmentation between social classes along with inequalities

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16
Q

Timeline of urbanism

A

6-5kya first city (mesopotamia) known as Uruk Period, 4.9-4.3 kya Early Dynastic Period,(Ur, Lagash, Kish)

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17
Q

Uruk Period

A

6-5kya with rapid urbanization, pop growth, and development of complex institutions

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18
Q

Uruk

A

(circa 4000-3100 BCE) One of the first cities, with an estimated population of 40,000. ↪Notable for monumental architecture (e.g., temples, walls). ↪Innovations such as writing (cuneiform) initiated here.

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19
Q

Ur

A

(circa 3000-2000 BCE): ↪Features the famous Ziggurat of Ur, reflecting religious and political power. ↪Evidence of social stratification (elite burials, luxury goods) suggests inequality. ↪Economy centered on agriculture, trade, and craft specialization.

20
Q

Babylon

A

(circa 1894-1595 BCE): ↪Represents the zenith of urban cultural achievements. ↪Known for the Code of Hammurabi, showcasing legal and administrative complexity. ↪Experienced significant social unrest and conflicts due to population pressures

21
Q

Benefits of urbanization

A

↪Economic and cultural advancements (art, literature, technology). ↪Formation of complex social structures (administration, religious institutions).

22
Q

Drawbacks of urbanization

A

↪Increased social stratification leads to class disparities. ↪Urban centers can become overcrowded, straining resources. ↪Potential for conflict and rebellion arising from inequality and competition for resources.

23
Q

Material Culture:

A

↪Artifacts (pottery, tools, inscriptions) provide insights into daily life and social organization. ↪Urban layouts indicate spatial organization reflecting social hierarchies.

24
Q

Rise of Agriculture

A

Occurred indepedently across all nations, urbanization follows

25
Q

Indus region

A

NW India and original 6 cit, Occupies all sides of river and coast. No signs of warfare originally.

26
Q

Indus Tradition Regionalization Era

A

-5000-2600 BC

27
Q

Kot Diji Phase

A

2800-2600 BC-incipient Urbanism
↪First evidence of early written language and controlled trade(with seals) and taxes
↪Developing of more art as ethnic identity

28
Q

Religion in Indus

A

Regions developed shared forms of paganism and rituals
↪Shared cuisines and utensils around region indicate shared religion

29
Q

Integration Era-Harrapan Phase

A

2600-1900 BC
↪Largest area controlled by an early civilization
↪Large trade networks across sea and mountains too link Afro-Asia-Levant
marked by larger cities (than Koji Dot) with complexes job specializations
↪Split into 3A, B, C-3A(2450 BCE) had fired bricks and large pop growth + immigration

30
Q

Urban Planning in Idus

A

Evident through fired brick walls, monuments, gates, irrigation, tax systems, standardized measurement, and private/public buildings

31
Q

Indus Class’s

A

Unicorn lowest(65%) probably merchants, Elephants highest, rhinos buffalo-mid class, Water Buffalo-Special community of traders(international?)

32
Q

Indus Writing, art, culture

A

Writing never deciphered-lost with the city
↪Art, jewelry, accessories, etc hidden in houses
↪Priest King sculpture found-probably represented a clan and was in power
↪Advanced tools are copper, large status quo
↪Elite women wore thin bangles shell bangles have ritual meaning
Some elites buried in cemeteries, rest is unknown how
No evidence of swords to fight, just spears for livestock

33
Q

Pliestocene art

A

Hard to date due to lack of organic material, but show insights to life, identity, and spirituality.

34
Q

Macropod Art

A

17.1kya drawing of kangaroo.

35
Q

Early warfare

A

Seen through fortifications, mass graves, and mutilation. Also indicate semi/ fully sedentary life.

36
Q

Inequality

A

Grew due to social structures and was more expansive when paired with livestock domestication.

36
Q

Nationalism

A

War advanced with cognitive ability, and was justified through fights over ideas, concepots, beleifs, and territory

37
Q

China Warring State Period

A

Central Plains is the “crucible” of chinese identity and evidence of cultural and agricultural continuity since 9000 years ago.
↪Jiahu site central plans, 8500 BP with musical instruments, fermented beverages, tortoise shells with symbols, grave sites.

38
Q

Dynastic period

A

↪2100-1600 BCE Xia started
Shang overthrew Xia 1600-1050 BCE and has consolidated central power, linked to religion
Bronze tools, ceremonies, weopons, and writing
Royal Tombs

39
Q

Qin Dynasty

A

First IMPERIAL Dynasty, ↪Qin Shi Huang Di united states and then claimed himself as leader in 221 BCE
↪Systematized and standardized empires writing, currency, measurements, walls, etc.
Consolidated power by killing those againstb him and burning books

40
Q

Great Tomb

A

Qin Shi Huang died in 210 bce
↪buried with terracotta soldiers, other jobs, etc. to help him in afterlife
↪700K people over 3 decades for this tomb
↪Booby Traps, architects killed, mercury used as protection of mound

41
Q

Paleo Indians

A

First Natives to come to Americas 25-30kya. Peopled entrie Americas by 12kya

42
Q

White Sands National Park

A

23-21 kya shows human tools
↪Linguistic similarities between Native language and NE Asia

43
Q

Beringia-land bridge

A

connected Russia-Alaska, existed pre-25 kya; closed; 14-13.5 kya. Clovis Point with second corrider opening, Folsom point younger

44
Q

Monteverde

A

14 kya in S. Chile bog that proves americas peopled before Clovis
↪Opens up possibility of coastal route 25 kya; closed; 16.5kya

45
Q
A

Archeology unit 2 (1 decks)

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