Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IBC > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

study

1
Q

What is matter?

A

all the stuff that exists in the universe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do scientists define matter?

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is mass?

A

a measure of the amount of matter in a substance or an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the basic SI unit of mass?

A

The kilogram. smaller masses may be measured in grams.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does volume measure?

A

The amount of space that an object or substance takes up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the different units that might be used to measure volume.

A

Basic SI unit is the cubic meter.
cm cubed, liters, and milliliters are also used.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explained the displacement method.

A
  1. Add water to a measuring contain and record the volume.
  2. place the object in the water and record the new volume.
  3. subtract the first volume from the second volume. The difference represents the object’s volume.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a physical property of matter?

A

properties that can be measured/observed without matter changing to an entirely different substance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an extensive physical property?

A

properties that depend on the amount of matter present. Ex. mass, weight, volume, length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an intensive physical property?

A

Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a physical change?

A

a change in one or more physical properties without any changes to the chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

examples of intensive physical properties??

A

color, odor, luster, malleability, ductility,conductivity, hardness, melting/freezing point, boiling point, density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why are physical changes often easy to reverse?

A

The chemical properties of matter remain the same in a physical change, so a physical change is often easy to reverse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 4 states of matter and what are their shape and volume like?

A

solid - definite shape and volume
liquid - indefinite shape, definite volume
gas - indefinite shape and volume
plasma - an electrically charged gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which states of matter are most common on earth

A

solid, liquid, and gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of property is a state of matter?

A

a physical property because a given kind of matter has the same chemical makeup and the same chemical properties, regardless of state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a solid?

A

A state of matter in which particles of matter are tightly packed together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why does a solid have a fixed shape and a fixed volume?

A

This holds the particles rigidly in place. They can not flow easily.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the difference between a crystalline and amorphous solid?

A

Crystalline solids have particles that are arranged in a regular repeating pattern. They form Crystals. Ex. Table Salt

Amorphous solids have particles that are arranged more or less at random. They do not form crystals. Ex. Cotton Candy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

State the properties of matter in the liquid state

A

A liquid is a state of matter in which particles slip past one another and take the shape of their container

The particles cannot pull apart and spread out to take the volume of their container.

-Definite shape and volume
-flows easily
-lots of free space between particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a gas?

A

Gas is a state of matter in which particles of matter can pull apart from each other and spread out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why does a gas expert force?

A

Gas particles are constantly moving, which creates force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does pressure mean?

A

The amount of force pushing against a given area is called pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the kinetic theory of matter?

A

particles of matter are in constant motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

true or false: solids have the least kinetic energy and gasses have the most.

A

TRUEEEEEEEE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define change of state

A

A change of state occurs whenever matter changes from one state to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Identify processes that change matter to a liquid state

A

Melting, freezing, sublimation, deposition, condensation, evaporation

28
Q

Why must energy be absorbed to change liquid to a gas?

A

energy is always involved in changes of state. Particles of matter either absorb or lose energy when matter changes from one state to another

29
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A physical blend of 2 or more components, each of which retains its own identity and properties in the mixture

30
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture. All solutions are homogeneous

31
Q

Define heterogeneous mixture.

A

A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture

32
Q

What is a phase?

A

A phase is a separate layer in a heterogeneous mixture

33
Q

Why is it important to separate materials from a mixture?

A

In a chemical reaction, it is important to isolate the component(s) of interest from all other materials so they can be further characterized.

34
Q

What is filtration?

A

Separation of a mixture’s components through difference in particle size.

35
Q

What is decanting?

A

A fancy term for separating 2 components by pouring

36
Q

What is Distillation?

A

used to separate 2 liquids based on their differences in boiling point

37
Q

What is magnetism?

A

Used to separate magnetic substances

38
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Removing a liquid to leave a solid behind

39
Q

What is Centrifuge?

A

separates substances of different densities using a fast rotational motion

40
Q

What is Chromatography?

A

Separates 2 substances by using a mobile phase and a stationary phase.

41
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance.

42
Q

How many naturally occurring elements are there?

A

92

43
Q

Why can an element be identified by its properties

A

each element has a unique set of properties that is different from the set of properties of any other element

44
Q

When did scientists begin discovering all of the elements?

A

500 years ago.

45
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of the element

46
Q

How are atoms related to elements?

A

All the atoms of an element are like on another and are different from the atoms of all other elements

47
Q

What are compounds?

A

A pure substance when 2 or more elements have chemically combined through a chemical reaction to form a new substance. Ex. NaCI - sodium chloride (salt) or H^2O (water)

48
Q

True or false: a compound always has the same elements in the same proportions

A

TRUEEEEEE

49
Q

How do the properties of compounds compare with the properties of the elements that form them?

A

The properties of compounds may be very different from the properties of the elements that form them

50
Q

Compare and contrast crystals and molecules.

A

Some compounds form rigid frameworks called crystals. Other compounds form individual molecules

51
Q

What is a molecule?

A

The smallest particle of a compound that still has the compound’s properties

52
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

Chemical properties are properties that can only be measured or observed only when matter undergoes change to become an entirely different kind of matter

53
Q

Define the chemical property called reactivity.

A

The ability of matter to react chemically with other substances

54
Q

What is flammability?

A

The ability of matter to burn

55
Q

What happens in any chemical change?

A

A chemical change occurs whenever matter changes into an entirely different substance with different chemical properties

56
Q

List 5 signs that a chemical reaction has occurred.

A

Release of bubbles, production of odor, change of color, release of heat, release of light.

57
Q

Why can chemical reactions often not be reversed?

A

They result in different substances

58
Q

What is involved in all chemical reactions?

A

Reactants and products.

59
Q

How are chemical reactions written?

A

general chemical formula. Reactants - products

60
Q

How are bonds involved in chemical reactions?

A

bonds break and reform during chemical reactions

61
Q

How do reactants change into products during a chemical reaction?

A

Reactants and products contain the same atoms, but they are rearranged during the reaction, so reactants and products are different substances

62
Q

How can you tell whether a change in matter is caused by a chemical reaction?

A

color, temperature, formation of a gas, precipitate,

63
Q

What is a chemical symbol?

A

a one or 2 letter designation of an element

64
Q

What are compounds?

A

combinations of 2 or more elements

65
Q

what is a chemical formula?

A

an expression that shows the elements in a compound and the relative proportions of those elements.

66
Q

From where are the names of many elements derived?

A

the Latin name for the element

67
Q

what is the law of conservation of mass?

A

matter cannot be created or destroyed

IBC (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions