Unit 2 Flashcards
What vertebrae level is the jugular notch at, and what is palpable posteriorly there
Jugular notch is at T2 vertebrae, trachea is palpable posteriorly
What level is the sternal angle at
Site of articulation of rib 2, level of T4 vertebrae
What level is the nipple at
T4 dermatome- approximate location of dome of diaphragm
What level is the xyphoid process at
inferior aspect of sternum, anterior attachment point of diaphragm
How many pairs of ribs and how many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae
What does the superior thoracic aperture consist of
Body of T1 vertebrae
First pair of ribs and costal cartilages
Manubrium of sternum
What structures pass through the superior thoracic aperture
- Trachea
- Esophagus
- Nerves and vessils for head, neck, upper limbs
What does the inferior thoracic aperture consist of
Body of T12 vertebrae, rib pairs 11 and 12, costal morgins, xiphisternal joint (Closed in life by the diaphragm)
Where do you find symovial plane joints in vertebrae
Between articular facets (zygapophyseal jt)
Where do you find 2 prime cartilagenous joints in the vertebrae
Between bodies of vertebrae
Which ribs use a pump handle movement and which use a bucket handle movement
Pump Handle: ribs 1-6
Bucket Handle: Ribs 7-12
What kind of joint is at rib 1
1 prime Cartilagenous Jt (synchondrosis)
What kind of joint are ribs 2-7
Synovial plane joints
What kind of joints are interchondral joints and which ribs are they between
synovial plane joints (6&7, 7&8, 8&9)
What kind of joint is between ribs 9&10
Fibrous joint
What plurea wrap around the lungs/wall?
Parietal pleura on the wall, Visceral plura on the lung
What does the endothoracic fascia connect
connects costal parietal pleura to thoracic wall
What does parietal plura line
the pulmonary cavity
What does visceral plura cover
the surface of the lung
What is the pulmonary ligament
sleeve of plura hanging below lung root
What are the left and right pulmonary cavities seperated by
the mediastinum ( Pulmonary cavities are lined with parietal plura that goes onto the lungs as visceral plura)
How far do the lungs go down at the mid-clavicular line?
Lungs: Rib 6
Pleura: Rib 8
How far do the lungs go down at the Mid-Axillary line?
Lungs: Rib 8
Plura: Rib 10
How far do the lungs go down at the Scapular line?
Lungs: Rib 10
Pleura: Rib 12
Which pleura is implicated in a collapsed lung?
What occurs to surface tension in a collapsed lung?
What occurs to the space the pleural cavity is in?
- With a penetrating wound, air is sucked into pleural cavity because of negative pressure.
- The surface tension between visceral and parietal plura is broken, the lung will collapse.
- The pleural cavity becomes a real space (usually a potential space)
What is a pleural effusion
Hydrothorax- fluid into pleural cavityW
Where is blood entering during a hemothorax?
The pleural cavity
What is a pneumothorax
Entry of air into a pleural cavity (causes collapsed lung)
Which lung has a horizontal fissure?
Right lung
Which lung has a cardiac notch and lingula?
Left lung
Where does the superior vena cava travel
Takes de-oxyginated blood into the lung
Where does the axygous vein drain
posterior thoracic wall
Where do the right and left brachiocephalic veins join
Superior vena cava
What does the phrenic nerve innervate
Diaphragm
Where does the vagus nerve go
goes into abdomen
Where does trachea extend
C7-T5
What do lobar bronchi supply
a lobe
What do segmental bronchi supply
bronchopulmonary segments
Which nerve passes anterior to the lung
phrenic n.
Which nerve passes posterior to the root of the lung
Vagus n.
Which artery carries deoxyginated blood in it
Pulmonary artery- only part of body with deoxyginated blood in an artery.
What does the mediastinum seperate
R and L pleural cavity
What are the anterior and posterior boundaries of the mediastinum
Anterior: Sternum and costal cartilages of ribs 1-7
Posterior: Thoracic vertebrae
What does the carina divide
Superior and interior mediastinum (sits at the bottom of the trachea at division between L and R bronchus)
