Unit 2 Flashcards
What are examples of a molecules that are common in the cell that contain Carbon?
fatty acids, DNA, RNA, proteins, amino acids, sugars, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, sugar, carbohydrate, nucleotides,
How many hydrogens must be bound to a single carbon in order to fill its valence electrons
4
True or False: The electrons in carbon are extremely flexible and allow carbon to form more diverse chemical structures than any other atom?
True
which substance is not made up of many monomers joined together in long chains? proteins, polysaccharides, dna, rna, or amino acids?
amino acids
do polar and non-polar molecules like to interact?
NO
why do hydrophilic compounds dissolve easily in water?
bc they are polar
what type of compound has sections of pos and neg charges and are non-polar
hydrophobic compounds
What cellular process is explained with the hydrophobic effect
the formation of cell membranes and the folding of proteins.
what is the hydrophobic effect?
the excluding of non-polar molecules by polar molecules. (think polar molecules are like the mean girls and they exclude the non-polar molecules)
what is a H bond?
interaction between a H atom in a molecule and an electronegative atom in another molecule
what is the def of cohesion?
it is the attraction between molecules which explains surface tension
why is water more resistant to temperature changes?
bc of the high amounts of H bonds in water
what does the PH measure atomically?
it measures the proton concentration aka H+ atoms
What is the charge of the ions in water
protons H+ and hydroxide ions OH-
What is the ratio of protons and hydroxide ions when the PH of water is at 7?
there are equal protons (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)
What is the ratio of protons and hydroxide ions in an acidic solution of water? (PH less than 7)
there are MORE protons (H+) than Hydroxide ions (OH-)
What is the ratio of protons and hydroxide ions in a basic solution of water? (PH greater than 7)
there are LESS protons (H+) than hydroxide ions (OH-)
what molecules (acid or base) release a proton and which accept a proton in aqueous solutions?
Acid molecules release a proton, while bases accept one.
What 4 atoms make up 90% of a cells dry mass?
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen
how many bonds do carbon atoms like to form?
4
True or False? : carbon based molecules are structurally and functionally diverse?
True
Do double carbon bonds help or limit mobility?
they limit and are generally kinda planar.
what is an isomer?
a molecule that has the same chemical formula, but a different structure
what is a protein and what does it do?
it is the structural support and a catalyst for the chemical reactions within the cell.