unit 2

Question 1

population bottleneck

Answer 1

large pop. declines in #, genetic diversity greatly reduced

Question 2

specialist

Answer 2

only live in certain conditions

Question 3

generalists

Answer 3

live under a wide range of conditions

Question 4

species richness

Answer 4

number of different species in a given area

Question 5

species evenness

Answer 5

relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area

Question 6

ecosystem services

Answer 6

process by which life supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops produced

Question 7

provision service

Answer 7

a good produced by an ecosystem that humans use directly (ex. medicinal plants)

Question 8

regulating services

Answer 8

natural ecosystems help regulate environmental conditions (ex. rain forests and oceans removing carbon from atmosphere)

Question 9

support systems

Answer 9

ecosystems providing support systems that would be costly for humans to produce (ex. bees pollinating plants)

Question 10

cultural services

Answer 10

provide people with cultural or aesthetic benefits (ex. going on a hike)

Question 11

ecological tolerance

Answer 11

the suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow, and reproduce

Question 12

realized niche

Answer 12

range of biotic and abiotic conditions under which a species actually lives

Question 13

ecological range of tolerance

Answer 13

range of conditions such as temp, salinity, pH, or sunlight that an organism can endure before injury or death results

Question 14

periodic (weather)

Answer 14

occurs with regular frequency (wet-dry seasons)

Question 15

episodic (weather)

Answer 15

occasional events with irregular frequencies (ex. hurricanes, fires, droughts)

Question 16

random (weather)

Answer 16

no regular frequency (ex. volcanoes, earthquakes)

Question 17

4 mechanisms of change

Answer 17

1. mutation
2. migration
3. genetic drift
4. natural selection

Question 18

mutation

Answer 18

changes in info contained in genetic material

Question 19

gene flow (migration)

Answer 19

movement of individuals or genetic material they carry from one pop. to another

Question 20

genetic drift

Answer 20

completely random and can happen to all pops.

Question 21

natural selection

Answer 21

variation in traits, different reproduction

Question 22

microevolution

Answer 22

evolution at the pop. level

Question 23

macroevolution

Answer 23

evolution that gives rise to new species

Question 24

sympatric speciation

Answer 24

evolution of one species into two species

Question 25

allopatric speciation

Answer 25

process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation

Question 26

ecological succession

Answer 26

predictable replacement of one group of species by another group of species over time

Question 27

primary succession

Answer 27

occurring on surfaces with bare rock and no soil

Question 28

pioneer species

Answer 28

in primary succession, species that can survive with little to no soil (moss or algae)

Question 29

secondary succession

Answer 29

succession of plant life that occurs in areas that have been disturbed but have not lost their soil (following fires or hurricanes)

Question 30

climax community

Answer 30

historically described as the final stage of succession

Question 31

keystone species

Answer 31

species that are not very abundant but have large effects on an ecological community

Question 32

indicator species

Answer 32

a species that demonstrates a particular characteristic of an ecosystem (indicate a healthy ecosystem)