Unit 2 Flashcards
Animal Physiology
Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Left ventricle
What is the Bowman’s capsule?
A cup of hollow cells where ultrafiltration happens
Where is bile stored?
In the gall bladder
Which blood vessel brings deoxygenated blood to the heart?
Vena cava
What happens to the eye when focusing on a nearby object?
-Ciliary muscles contract
-Suspensory ligaments slack
-Lens becomes circular
What happens to the eye when focusing on a distant object?
-Ciliary muscles relax
-Suspensory ligaments are pulled tight
-Lens becomes flat
What happens in vasoconstriction?
-Blood flows through deeper vessels
-Blood vessels constricted
- Less heat is radiated
What is an immune response?
When the body responds to pathogens by producing antibodies.
What are some factors that increase the chance of coronary heart disease?
-Smoking
-High blood pressure
-Diet
-Lack of exercise
What is the role of capillaries?
Carrying blood through the organs, by being close to every cell in the organ
Explain the difference in the walls of the left ventricle and the right ventricle.
The walls of the right ventricle are thinner and contain less muscle so it has a lower blood pressure.
What is the positive color change for biuret test?
Blue to purple
Describe the structure of an vein
They contain a thin wall with little muscle fibers and a large lumen.
What is coronary heart disease?
When the coronary arteries are blocked by fatty substances which cut off blood supply to the heart. This means the cardiac muscle can no longer respire, resulting in a heart attack.
What is the positive color change for glucose test?
Blue to brick-red
What happens to the iris in bright light?
-Circular muscles contract
-Radial muscles relax
-Pupil constricts
What happens to our lungs when we exhale?
-The intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribs down and in
-The muscles of the diaphragm relax and go back to normal shape
-Both of these movements decrease the volume of the chest, forcing more air out
What does the acronym CORMS stand for?
Change, Organism, Repeat, Measure, Same.
How does adrenaline affect the body?
-Breathing rate increases, taking in more oxygen
-Heart beats faster, sending more blood to the muscles
-Blood is diverted away from the intestine and into the stomach
Describe the structure of an artery.
They contain a thick wall with muscle fibers and a small lumen.
What happens to our lungs when we inhale?
-The intercostal muscles move the ribs upwards and outwards
-The muscles of the diaphragm contract, pulling the diaphragm into a flattened shape
-Both of these movements increase the volume of the chest, allowing more air in
What happens to the iris in dim light?
-Circular muscles relax
-Radial muscles contract
-Pupil dilates
How do oestrogen and progesterone affect the menstrual cycle
Oestrogen thickens the lining while progesterone maintains the lining.
What happens in vasodilation?
-Blood flows through surface vessels
-Blood vessels dilate
-More heat is radiated
