Unit 2 Flashcards

Animal Physiology

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1
Q

Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood away from the heart?

A

Left ventricle

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2
Q

What is the Bowman’s capsule?

A

A cup of hollow cells where ultrafiltration happens

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3
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

In the gall bladder

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4
Q

Which blood vessel brings deoxygenated blood to the heart?

A

Vena cava

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5
Q

What happens to the eye when focusing on a nearby object?

A

-Ciliary muscles contract
-Suspensory ligaments slack
-Lens becomes circular

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6
Q

What happens to the eye when focusing on a distant object?

A

-Ciliary muscles relax
-Suspensory ligaments are pulled tight
-Lens becomes flat

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7
Q

What happens in vasoconstriction?

A

-Blood flows through deeper vessels
-Blood vessels constricted
- Less heat is radiated

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8
Q

What is an immune response?

A

When the body responds to pathogens by producing antibodies.

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9
Q

What are some factors that increase the chance of coronary heart disease?

A

-Smoking
-High blood pressure
-Diet
-Lack of exercise

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10
Q

What is the role of capillaries?

A

Carrying blood through the organs, by being close to every cell in the organ

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11
Q

Explain the difference in the walls of the left ventricle and the right ventricle.

A

The walls of the right ventricle are thinner and contain less muscle so it has a lower blood pressure.

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12
Q

What is the positive color change for biuret test?

A

Blue to purple

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13
Q

Describe the structure of an vein

A

They contain a thin wall with little muscle fibers and a large lumen.

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14
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

When the coronary arteries are blocked by fatty substances which cut off blood supply to the heart. This means the cardiac muscle can no longer respire, resulting in a heart attack.

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15
Q

What is the positive color change for glucose test?

A

Blue to brick-red

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16
Q

What happens to the iris in bright light?

A

-Circular muscles contract
-Radial muscles relax
-Pupil constricts

17
Q

What happens to our lungs when we exhale?

A

-The intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribs down and in
-The muscles of the diaphragm relax and go back to normal shape
-Both of these movements decrease the volume of the chest, forcing more air out

18
Q

What does the acronym CORMS stand for?

A

Change, Organism, Repeat, Measure, Same.

19
Q

How does adrenaline affect the body?

A

-Breathing rate increases, taking in more oxygen
-Heart beats faster, sending more blood to the muscles
-Blood is diverted away from the intestine and into the stomach

20
Q

Describe the structure of an artery.

A

They contain a thick wall with muscle fibers and a small lumen.

21
Q

What happens to our lungs when we inhale?

A

-The intercostal muscles move the ribs upwards and outwards
-The muscles of the diaphragm contract, pulling the diaphragm into a flattened shape
-Both of these movements increase the volume of the chest, allowing more air in

22
Q

What happens to the iris in dim light?

A

-Circular muscles relax
-Radial muscles contract
-Pupil dilates

23
Q

How do oestrogen and progesterone affect the menstrual cycle

A

Oestrogen thickens the lining while progesterone maintains the lining.

24
Q

What happens in vasodilation?

A

-Blood flows through surface vessels
-Blood vessels dilate
-More heat is radiated