Unit 2 Flashcards
What does the client do?
Client identifies the need for a product through market research.
Creates a brief for the designer.
Set production deadlines and the price of the product.
What does the designer do?
Works to the design brief and does research.
Produce a design specification, product costings and help plan manufacturing.
What does the maker do?
Uses models or prototypes made by the designer, and works out the most efficient way of manufacturing the product.
Produce a production plan and a work schedule.
During manufacture they aim to keep material and labour costs down.
What does the user do?
User or consumer demands a product that meets their requirements-
High quality, value for money and safe product.
Advantages and disadvantages of free hand sketching
Advantages- only needs pen and paper.
Fast to communicate ideas.
Disadvantages- skill required.
Slow to show many views.
Difficult to change.
Advantages and disadvantages of working drawing
Advantages- precise details shown.
Can be used to assist manufacture.
Clear and universally understood.
Disadvantages- complex.
Often uses CAD- skills needed and expensive.
Advantages and disadvantages of mood board
Advantages- fast to communicate theme.
Helps to develop thinking.
Disadvantages- can appear messy.
Advantages and disadvantages of ICT
Advantages- neat.
Easily amended.
Disadvantages- can be costly.
Skill needed.
Advantages and disadvantages of CAD
Advantages- produce high quality and consistent drawings.
Drawings can be emailed.
Changes to drawings can be made easily and instantly seen on the screen.
Disadvantages- slow.
Skill required.
Can be expensive.
What are some ergonomic factors?
Smell.
Touch.
Taste.
Sound.
Sight.
What does the term aesthetics mean?
Concerns our response and senses to an object.
What does anthropometrics and ergonomics mean?
anthropometrics- the study of the human body and the movement of each part.
Ergonomics- study of people in their environment. Making the product fit for the user.
Advantages of one-off production?
Made of exact personal spec.
High quality materials used.
High quality crafts.
Disadvantages of one-off production?
Final product is expensive.
Labour intensive.
Slow process.
Advantages of batch production?
Reduces unit costs.
Can still address specific customer needs.
Use of specialist machinery and skills can increase output and productivity.
Disadvantages of batch production?
Time lost switching between batches.
Need to keep stocks of raw materials.
Potentially de-motivating for staff.
Advantages of mass production?
Labour costs are usually lower.
Materials can be purchased in large quantities, so they are often cheaper.
Large number of goods produced.
Disadvantages of mass production?
Machinery is very expensive to buy.
Production lines are very expensive to set up.
Workers are not motivated-very repetitive.
If one part breaks then the whole production has to stop.
Advantages of continuous production line?
Reduced processing time of work pieces.
Saving costs for temporary storage.
Control of the entire course of production.
Disadvantages of continuous production lines?
Much capital is required to install production lines.
Low flexibility in changing products.
A single fault can stop the entire course of production.
Advantages of in-line assembly?
Tasks are mainly carried out by machinery-human error and validation is reduced.
Can produce a larger quantity of one product at a lower cost because labour costs are reduced and production rates increase.
Disadvantages of in-line assembly?
Inflexible because it’s difficult to alter a design or production process after the production line has been implemented.
Lack of variety, as products are all produced on one production line so they are identical or very similar, making it hard to cater to individual needs.
Advantages of flexible manufacturing systems?
Useful for batch production where change and flexibility are essential.
Manufacturing time is reduced per product.
Cost per unit is reduced.
Disadvantages of flexible manufacturing systems?
Requires a great deal of pre-planning and organisation prior to production starting.
Advantages of just in time manufacture?
Resources are not stockpiled which saves warehouse space and money.
Reduces the likelihood of stock perishing, becoming obsolete or going out of date.
Avoids the build-up of unsold finished products as demands change.
Disadvantages of just in time manufacture?
Little room for mistakes as minimal stock is kept for re-working faulty products.
Production is very reliant on suppliers and if stock is not delivered on time, the whole production schedule can be delayed.
Advantages of sub-contracting?
Provides relief to the manufacturer and prevents the manufacturing plant from becoming over burdened.
Can improve efficiency by ensuring manufacture of the product is optimised.
Helps manufactures meet delivery dates without compromising on quality.
Disadvantages of sub-contracting?
Can be time consuming waiting for the sub-contractors to get the work completed and returned.
Can be difficult to ensure quality when different manufacturers are responsible for different parts.
Tracking parts can be an issue.
What is quality assurance?
Setting standards.
Preventing defects.
What is quality control?
Detection of problems.
Checking the standards.
Calculation for direct costs?
Direct costs= labour + material costs
What is injection moulding?
Moulds plastic or metal by forcing the molten material into a casting mould.
Advantages of injection moulding?
High production rates are achievable as the process is automated and continuous.
Products can be produced with a good surface finish and a consistent quality.
Disadvantages of injection moulding?
Initial set up is very expensive
What is die casting?
Process used to mould thermoplastics and metals.
Material is poured into a mould that is the required shape of the object.
Advantages of die casting?
Fast.
Can produce parts which are durable and have high dimensional accuracy while maintaining close tolerances.
Widest range of possible shapes.
Parts have a good surface finish.
