Unit 2

Question 1

Erythrocytes

Answer 1

-red blood cells
-responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body
-carries iron throughout the body
-contains hemoglobin

Question 2

Leukocytes

Answer 2

-white blood cells
-combat infection and inflammation
-Ingest foreign microbes in a process called phagocytosis

Question 3

thrombocytes

Answer 3

platelets
aid in the process of clotting
help repair slightly damaged blood

Question 4

plasma

Answer 4

liquid portion of the blood
90% water
carries nutrients, electrolytes, proteins, gases, wastes, and hormones.

Question 5

Anatomy of the heart

Answer 5

The heart is involuntary, single nucleated, striated muscle fibers, surrounded by pericardium for anchors and protection.

Question 6

Valves

Answer 6

-dense connective tissue
-prevent backflow into the chamber by opening and shutting when the heart contracts and relaxes.

Question 7

Tricuspid

Answer 7

valve on the right

Question 8

bicuspid

Answer 8

valve on the left

Question 9

Atria

Answer 9

receiving chambers from the heart

Question 10

ventricles

Answer 10

large, are responsible for propelling blood from the heart into circulation around the body.

Question 11

Arteries

Answer 11

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
*pulmonary artery - carry deoxygenated blood

Question 12

Veins

Answer 12

carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.
*pulmonary vein - carry oxygenated blood

Question 13

capillaries

Answer 13

carry nutrients and oxygen to tissues, carry waste away

Question 14

Systemic circulation

Answer 14

oxygenated blood pumped from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body

Question 15

pulmonary circulation

Answer 15

deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart is pumped to the lungs to pick up oxygen and return to the left side.

Question 16

Sinoatrial Node (SA node)

Answer 16

pacemaker of the heart
initiates each heart beat
located in the wall of the right atrium

Question 17

path of heart contraction

Answer 17

1. SA node initiates contraction
2. surrounding atrial fibers carry the signal to the AV node
3. AV node acts as a relay station and slows down the contraction
4. Signal goes through the Av node into the electrical impulse travels down a bundle of specialized fibers called the Bundle of His
5. signal is send down the Purkinje fibers, which spread out throughout the ventricles.

Question 18

intrinsic control

Answer 18

SA node - the natural regulations of the heart’s rhythm

Question 19

extrinsic control

Answer 19

heart rate is influenced by external factors

Question 20

sympathetic

Answer 20

fight or flight

Question 21

parasympathetic

Answer 21

feed & breed, rest and digest

Question 22

stroke volume

Answer 22

amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in each contraction

Question 23

systolic pressure

Answer 23

top #
ventricle contracts

Question 24

diastolic pressure

Answer 24

bottom #
ventricle relaxes

Question 25

cardiovascular drift

Answer 25

slow but constant increase in heart rate during prolonged activity

Question 26

VO2 Max

Answer 26

how well your body can transport and use oxygen during exercise

Question 27

Bronchi

Answer 27

airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air to the lungs from the trachea.

Question 28

Bronchioles

Answer 28

the smaller branches that the bronchi divide into

Question 29

lungs

Answer 29

located within the rib cage, where oxygen can pass into the blood and carbon dioxide can be removed.

Question 30

Alveoli

Answer 30

tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

Question 31

Diaphragm

Answer 31

a dome shaped, muscle that plays a major role in breathing. As it contracts, air is sucked into the lungs. As it relaxes, volume decreases in the thorax, pushing the air out of the lungs.

Question 32

filtration of air

Answer 32

mucus and hairs in the naval cavity filter bacteria, large dust particles, and other harmful substances.

Question 33

warming and moistening air

Answer 33

the blood vessels within the nasal cavity moistens and warms air. The air must be moist because the epithelial tissue of the alveoli must be moist for gas exchange to occur.

Question 34

stretch receptors

Answer 34

nerve endings that respond to changes in the expansion of the lung tissue. helps regulate the depth of breathing.