Unit 2 Flashcards
What is the Homologous series
a family of compounds with the same
general formula and similar chemical properties that show a
gradual change in physical properties.
What are Hydrocarbons
molecules which consist of hydrogen
and carbon atoms only.
What is Molecular Formula
formula which shows the number
of atoms of the different elements which are present in
one molecule of a substance
What is Full Structural Formula
a 2-D drawing of a 3-D
molecule. It shows the atoms present and the position
of the covalent bonds.
What is Shortened Structural Formula
shows the position of the
atoms in the molecule without showing the bonds.
What are the alkanes known for
a subset of saturated hydrocarbons
• all end in –ane
• only contain carbon to carbon single bonds
• have the general formula CnH2n+2
• are insoluble in water
• are commonly used as fuels
Isomers
molecules which have the same molecular
formula but different structural formula.
What is a physical property
A physical property is something that can be observed
or measured.
What is a boiling point
the temperature at which a liquid turns
into a gas
As the size of the molecule increases, the size of the
force of attraction …. ………
Also increases
What is a chemical property
A chemical property is a property that becomes evident
during a chemical reaction.
Flammability
ease of combustion
What is a saturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon in which all
carbon-to-carbon covalent bonds are single bonds
Cycloalkanes are what in water
Immiscible
What are Unsaturated hydrocarbons
hydrocarbon in which there
is a carbon-to-carbon double bond.
Where alkanes and cycloalkanes saturated or unsaturated
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are saturated
Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated
Alkenes are unsaturated
What is Miscibility
the ability of one liquid to mix with
(dissolve in) another liquid
Are Methanol, ethanol and propanol all miscible or immiscible
Miscible
Carboxylic Acids have what properties
• contain the carboxyl (-COOH) functional group
• have names ending in “-oic acid”
• have the general formula CnH2n+1COOH
Solutions of carboxylic acids have a pH of less than 7. What can they react with.
• metals
• metal oxides
• metal hydroxides
• metal carbonates
What can Carboxylic acids be used for
They can be used in the preparation of
preservatives, soaps and medicines.
What is an Exothermic reaction
a reaction in which energy is
released to the surroundings
What is an Endothermic reaction
a reaction in which energy is
absorbed from the surroundings
What is Combustion
the burning of a fuel in the presence of
oxygen
What is the equation for calculating heat energy
Eh=cmΔT
