UNIT 2

Question 1

One of the most important groups by any criterion

Answer 1

Bacteria

Question 2

Phenomena in ________ and _________ comes from bacterial research

Answer 2

biochemistry and molecular biology

Question 3

CELL SIZE
Diameter:
Length:

Answer 3

Diameter: 0.2 to 0.2 um
Length: 2 to 8 um

Question 4

3 types of cell shape

Answer 4

Cocci
Bacilli
Spiral

Question 5

• ________: grapelike clusters/broad sheets

• ________: chainlike

• ________: pair

Answer 5

DIPLOcocci
STREPTOcocci
STAPHYLOcocci

Question 6

Bacilli

• ___________: chainlike
• ___________: pair

Answer 6

Streptobacilli

Diplobacilli

Question 7

• ________: divide in 2 planes and remain in groups of 4

Answer 7

TETRADS

Question 8

• ________: divide in 3 planes and remain in cubelike groups of 8

Answer 8

SARCINAE

Question 9

3 types of spiral cell shape

Answer 9

Vibrios
Spirilia
Spirochetes

Question 10

• ______: curved rods

Answer 10

Vibrios

Question 11

• ______: helical, rigid; uses flagella to move

Answer 11

Spirilla

Question 12

• ________: helical, flexible; uses axial filaments to move

Answer 12

Spirochetes

Question 13

• Maintain single shape

Answer 13

Monomorphic

Question 14

__________

• Many shapes
• Individual variation on cell wall
• Change in shape may be due to disruption

Answer 14

PLEOMORPHIC

Question 15

• Substance that surrounds cells
• Sugar coat

Answer 15

Glycocalyx

Question 16

• Viscous, gelatinous polymer composed of polysaccharide or polypeptide

Answer 16

Pleomorphic

Question 17

• Layer that is often quite thick
• Transparent, not easily stained

Answer 17

Glycocalyx

Question 18

FUNCTIONS OF __________

 Important in contributing to bacterial virulence
 Protection from phagocytosis
 Attachment to various surfaces
 Source of nutrition
 Inhibit movement of nutrients from the cell
 Prevent dehydration

Answer 18

Glycocalyx

Question 19

Two types of Glycocalyx

Answer 19

Capsule
Slime layer

Question 20

An organized substance attached to cell wall

Answer 20

Capsule

Question 21

• Long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria

Answer 21

Flagella

Question 22

• outermost, contains the protein flagellin

Answer 22

Filament

Question 23

anchorage to cell wall and plasma membrane

Answer 23

Basal body

Question 24

_______ – movement of flagella toward or away from a stimulus

Answer 24

Taxis

Question 25

FUNCTION OF ________  Used for motility  Moves the cell by rotating from the basal body  Taxis – movement of flagella toward or away from a stimulus

Answer 25

Flagella

Question 26

Types of flagella

Answer 26

Monotrichous Lophotrichous Amphitrichous Peritrichous

Question 27

• Bundles of fibrils that arise at the ends of the cell beneath the outer sheath and spiral around the cell

Answer 27

Axial filament

Question 28

It is sually seen in Spirochetes

Answer 28

Axial filament

Question 29

• Usually seen in Gram negative bacteria • Hairlike appendages that are short, straighter and thinner than flagella • Used for attachment • For adherence to surfaces (attachment) • Also called ________ ex:____________

Answer 29

Fimbriae and pili common pili Neisseria gonorrhoaea

Question 30

• Also known as sex pili • Longer than fimbriae • Rigid tubular structures made of the protein pilin  Pilin can be antigenic • Join cells for the transfer of DNA (conjugation) • Only found in Gram-negative bacteria

Answer 30

Pili

Question 31

• Complex, semi-rigid structure

Answer 31

Cell wall

Question 32

• Responsible for characteristic shape and architecture • Surrounds and protect cytoplasmic membrane and internal parts • Cell wall = ________

Answer 32

peptidoglycan

Question 33

It provides rigidity and flexibility

Answer 33

Peptidoglycan

Question 34

• Amino acids that are unique to the cell wall.

Answer 34

Amino acids