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earth science > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

instrument used to measure volcanic gases

A

correlation spectrometer

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2
Q

vertical intrusion of magma between rock layers

A

dike

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3
Q

immediate return of deformed rock to its natural shape

A

elastic rebound

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4
Q

location on the earth’s surface directly over the focus of an earthquake

A

epicenter

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5
Q

specific point in the earth where the rock layers along a fault move, producing an earthquake

A

focus

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6
Q

semi-dark line that indicates the ridge of a fold on a geologic map

A

fold axis

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7
Q

block of rock below the slant of a fault

A

footwall

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8
Q

mini-quakes that usually occur before a major earthquake

A

foreshocks

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9
Q

shows locations and types of rocks and other features, like faults and folds

A

geologic map

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10
Q

energy produced from the heat of magma and other volcanic materials

A

geothermal energy

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11
Q

What causes an earthquake

A

Heat from Earth’s mantle
Plate tectonics

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12
Q

What causes an volcanic activity

A

fault lines
the Ring of Fire
plate boundaries

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13
Q

When stress on rocks becomes too great, they break, and then undergo:

A

elastic rebound

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14
Q

Magma that is highly viscous with a high silica and gas content creates an eruption that is _____.

A

very explosive

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15
Q

a scale of magnitude used to measure the relative size or strength of an earthquake

A

Richter scale

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16
Q

newer magnitude scale that measures the amount of moved or displaced rock along a fault to determine the strength of an earthquake

A

moment magnitude scale

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17
Q

scale that measures the effects or severity of damage from an earthquake

A

Mercalli intensity scale

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18
Q

instrument used to measure and record vibrations that result from earth movements

A

seismograph

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19
Q

instrument used to measure ground swelling, which usually occurs from magma building in the magma chamber of a volcano

A

tiltmeter

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20
Q

earthquake with magnitude of 2.0 in a Richter scale can….

A

be barely felt

21
Q

earthquake with magnitude of 8.0 in a Richter scale can….

A

destroys cities

22
Q

In order to locate an earthquake’s epicenter, seismology centers compare the arrival times of:

A

P and S waves

23
Q

To predict earthquakes, geologists look for a combination of the following signs:

A

foreshocks
decreases in well water levels
increases in radon gas in ground water

24
Q

A vast plain of rolling hills are actually folds of _____.

A

anticlines and synclines

25
Q

fold where hills arch up

A

anticline

26
Q

simplest type of fold, where rock layers incline in the same direction

A

monocline

27
Q

broad, gentle fold of a large area that occurs from rock layers upwarping; looks like an upside-down bowl

A

dome

28
Q

broad, gentle fold of a large area that occurs from rock layers downwarping; looks like a* bowl right-side up*

A

basin

29
Q

What type of mountains occur at normal faults from the footwall being thrust upward along the hanging wall.

A

Fault-Block

30
Q

horizontal intrusion of magma that builds and bubbles like a dome within the rock layers

A

laccolith

31
Q

horizontal intrusion of magma into rock layers

A

sill

32
Q

massive layer of magma underneath sedimentary rock that usually forms the base of mountains

A

batholith

33
Q

The capital letter(s) that label a rock unit (e.g., KJk) on a geologic map represents the rock unit’s _____.

A

age range

34
Q

Volcanoes that are tall, steep, and made of both lava and volcanic material are

A

composite

35
Q

Tall, gradually sloped volcanoes made mostly of lava flow are _____ volcanoes.

A

shield

36
Q

what are the basic features of a map

A

title
scale
legend
compass

37
Q

What type of maps include colors, letter symbols, fault lines and contact lines?

A

geologic maps

38
Q

What type of map focuses geological features’ shapes, elevations, and steepness of slopes

A

Topographic Maps

39
Q

Earthquakes can be predicted. T/F

A

False

40
Q

What could help create a volcano

A

cracks in Earth’s crust
plate tectonics
built up magma

41
Q

The Pacific plate collides with and is subducted under four other crustal plates. The area where this happens has lots of volcanic activity. This area is called the _____.

A

Ring of Fire

42
Q

A volcano with basaltic magma would probably _____.

A

erupt with a gradual lava flow

43
Q

This feature occurs in an area where water is heated under ground to the point of boiling. When the water and steam build, they finally rise through a vent on the surface, spraying water and steam high up into the air. This feature is a _____.

A

geyser

44
Q

Naturally hot water containing many minerals and found on the surface of the earth is called a _____.

A

hot spring

45
Q

A natural disaster produced by volcanic activity that has killed more people than lava flows is _____.

A

a landslide or mudslide

46
Q

Mount Tambora in Indonesia erupted and caused the “Year without a Summer.” Over 100,000 people died from starvation because of the resulting _____.

A

climate change

47
Q

A tiltmeter is a volcanic monitoring tool that measures _____.

A

ground swelling

48
Q

Volcano eruption can be predicted

A

True

earth science (8 decks)

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