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Integumentary PT > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Compliance

A

One-way interaction in which the clinician directs the pt to follow instruction

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2
Q

Adherence

A

Pt freely chooses to follow suggested guidelines

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3
Q

Emaciation

A

The state of being abnormally thin or weak

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4
Q

Parenteral nutrition

A

Nutrition delivered through IV

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5
Q

Enteral

A

Nutrition delivered via feeding tube

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6
Q

Examples of enteral nutrition

A

OG - orogastric
NG - nasogastric
Nasojejunal
Gastrostomy
Jejunostomy

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7
Q

Water is __ of body composition.

A

60%

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8
Q

A healthy individual requires __ L of water per day.

A

2.2-3.0 L

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9
Q

Pts with open wounds require __ L of water per day.

A

2.7-3.7 L

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10
Q

Why do pts on air beds require more water than pts with open wounds?

A

Air beds have more heat association which requires increased water intake

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11
Q

The body requires a __ nitrogen balance.

A

Positive

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12
Q

Vitamin A

A

Fat soluble
Helps maintain healthy skin & epithelial integrity
Required for collagen synthesis, promotes granulation tissue formation, and facilitates epithelialization

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13
Q

Vitamin C

A

Water soluble
Needed to build and maintain tissues; deficiencies will delay wound healing
Antioxidant - may limit damaging effects of free radicals

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14
Q

Vitamin K

A

Fat soluble
Essential for blood clotting

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15
Q

Vitamin E

A

Fat soluble
Helps prevent free radical-related cellular damage
Decreases inflammatory phase of wound healing, enhances immune function and decreases platelet adhesion
Supplementation may assist with pressure ulcer healing

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16
Q

Vitamin B Complex

A

Required for normal immune function and energy metabolism
Aid in WBC function, antibody formation, and resistance to infection
Improve wound tensile strength

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17
Q

What is the normal WBC count?

A

5.0-10.0 uL

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18
Q

What is the normal HCT value?

A

Men: 42-52%
Women: 37-47%

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19
Q

What is the normal hemoglobin value?

A

Men: 14-17.4 g/dL
Women: 12-16 g/dL

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20
Q

What is the normal platelet value?

A

140-400 k/uL

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21
Q

What is the normal glucose value?

A

70-100 mg/dL

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22
Q

What is the normal A1c value?

A

< 5.7%

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23
Q

What does creatinine measure?

A

Kidney function and protein metabolism

24
Q

What does serum albumin measure?

A

Protein deficiency and malnutrition - long half-life

25
Q

what does prealbumin measure?

A

Protein deficiency and malnutrition - short half-life

26
Q

What is 3rd spacing?

A

Fluids moving from the vascular space to the interstitial space; this is NOT blood moving

Generally caused by fluid overload, kidney dysfunction, hyponatremia, heart failure (increased capillary hydrostatic pressure)

27
Q

What does BUN measure?

A

Protein metabolism and kidney function

28
Q

What does a higher BUN indicate?

A

Slower healing

29
Q

What does CPK measure?

A

MI or deep tissue injury

30
Q

Undermining

A

Erosion of tissue close to the wound edges; results in a large wound with a small opening

31
Q

Tunneling

A

Narrow passageway within a wound bed

Common in all wound types EXCEPT venous insufficiency ulcers

32
Q

Sinus Tract

A

Elongated cavity or abscess that drains to the body surface

Boggy wound with pus collection

33
Q

Fistula

A

Tunnel that connects with a body cavity or organ

34
Q

Maceration

A

Occurs when wounds are too wet, becomes white colored

35
Q

Pitting Edema

A

1+ barely perceptible depression, < 2 mm
2+ rebounds < 15 seconds, 2-4 mm
3+ rebounds 15-30 seconds, 5-7 mm
4+ rebounds > 30 seconds, > 7 mm

36
Q

Positive indicator

A

Improvement in wound - i.e., improved A1c and/or ABI, compliance with compression, previous healing

37
Q

What wound care treatment can PTA’s NOT do?

A

Sharp debridement

38
Q

Contact precaution PPE

A

Gloves and gown

39
Q

What conditions require contact precautions?

A

VRE
MRSA
Scabies
Lice
Large non-contaminated draining wounds

40
Q

Droplet precaution PPE

A

Gloves, gown, and mask

41
Q

What conditions require droplet precautions?

A

Necrotizing fasciitis, certain PNA’s, influenza

42
Q

Airborne precaution PPE

A

Gloves, gown, N-95, negative pressure room

43
Q

What conditions require airborne precautions?

A

TB, measles

44
Q

What is reverse isolation?

A

Wearing PPE to protect those with weakened immune system

45
Q

Which conditions require reverse isolation?

A

AIDS, certain types of cancer

46
Q

What is gram-positive staining?

A

Excretion of exotoxins causing extensive damage

47
Q

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

A

Resistant to many abx
Spreads easily
Treated with Bactroban
Common in blood, stool, wounds
CONTACT ISOLATION

48
Q

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)

A

Common in surgical wounds and urine
Treated with Ampicillin-Amoxicillin
CONTACT ISOLATION

49
Q

Biofilms

A

Complex communities of bacteria or fungi held together by a self-produced polymer matrix

Persist on medical devices, surfaces, and tissues causing chronic infection

Very difficult to kill - require long term IV abx

50
Q

Microflora

A

Bacteria & fungi
Covers skin

51
Q

Contamination

A

NORMAL
Microbes are non-replicating

52
Q

Colonization

A

NORMAL
Replicating microbes

53
Q

Critical Colonization

A

Bioburden reaches a critical point and begins to adversely affect host
Healthy individuals can tolerate higher amounts

54
Q

What is the gold standard of wound cultures?

A

Tissue biopsy

55
Q

Which is longer acting: creams or ointments?

A

Ointments (8-24 hrs)

56
Q

Antiseptic

A

Antimicrobial that is cytotoxic

Integumentary PT (3 decks)

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