unit 2

Question 1

Name given to a super continent that began to break apart 200 million years ago

Answer 1

Pangaea

Question 2

Wegeners hypothesis that all continents were once connected in a single large landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and drifted slowly to their current positions

Answer 2

continental drift

Question 3

long, narrow mountain range on the ocean floor; formed by magma at divergent plate boundaries

Answer 3

mid ocean ridges

Question 4

a deep, underwater through created by one plate subducting under another plate at a convergent plate boundary

Answer 4

ocean trenches

Question 5

the process by which new oceanic crust forms along a mid ocean ridge and older oceanic crust moves away from the ridge

Answer 5

seafloor spreading

Question 6

molten rock stored below the earths surface

Answer 6

magma

Question 7

magma that erupts onto the earths surface

Answer 7

lava

Question 8

theory that earths surface is broken into large, ridged pieces that move with respect to eachother.

Answer 8

plate tectonics

Question 9

the boundaries between 2 plates that move towards eachother

Answer 9

convergent boundaries

Question 10

the boundary between 2 plates that move away from eachother

Answer 10

divergent boundaries

Question 11

the boundary between 2 plates that slide past each other

Answer 11

transform boundaries

Question 12

the process that occurs when one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate

Answer 12

subduction

Question 13

a crack or fracture in Earth’s lithosphere along which movement occurs

Answer 13

fault

Question 14

a vent in Earth’s crust through which molten rock flows

Answer 14

volcano

Question 15

a curved line of volcanoes that forms parallel to a plate boundary

Answer 15

volcano arc

Question 16

vibrations caused by the rupture and sudden movement of rocks along a break or a crack in earth’s crust

Answer 16

earthquake

Question 17

an area of many fractured pieces of crust along a large fault

Answer 17

fault zone

Question 18

rapid, downhill movement of soil, loose rocks, and boulders

Answer 18

landslide

Question 19

a wave that forms when an ocean disturbance suddenly moves a large volume of water

Answer 19

tsunami

Question 20

a round depression formed in the surface of the planet, moon, or other space object by the impact of a meteorite

Answer 20

impact craters

Question 21

the mechanical and chemical processes that change Earth’s surface over time

Answer 21

weathering

Question 22

a large mass of ice, formed by snow accumulation on land, that moves slowly across Earth’s surface

Answer 22

glacier

Question 22

the moving of weathered material, or sediment, from one location to another

Answer 22

erosion

Question 23

a naturally occurring solid composed of minerals, rock fragments, and sometimes other materials such as organic matter

Answer 23

rock

Question 24

the laying down or settling of eroded materials

Answer 24

deposition

Question 25

a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that had a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition

Answer 25

mineral

Question 26

the process by which atoms form a solid with an orderly, repeating pattern

Answer 26

crystallization

Question 27

igneous rock that forms when volcanic material erupts, cools, and crystallizes on Earth’s surface

Answer 27

extrusive rock

Question 28

igneous rock that forms as magma cools underground

Answer 28

intrusive rock

Question 29

the process though which sediment turn into rock

Answer 29

lithification

Question 30

a process in which the weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases the space between sediment grains

Answer 30

compaction

Question 31

a process in which minerals dissolved in water crystallize between sediment grains

Answer 31

cementation

Question 32

the series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock.

Answer 32

rock cycle