Unit 2

Question 1

is a program in execution and
must progress in a sequential fashion.

Answer 1

Process

Question 2

to select the next task and get it
ready for processing

Answer 2

Dispatch

Question 3

A program is an __________; only when
a processor “breathes life” into it, does it
become the “active” entity we call a process

Answer 3

inanimate entity

Question 4

a group of digits, characters or
works that are held in one reaction of an I/O
medium and handled as an input.

Answer 4

Blocks

Question 5

Input becomes available.

Answer 5

Wake up

Question 6

TCB

Answer 6

Thread Control Block

Question 7

if the process does not
voluntarily relinquish the CPU before the
time interval expires, the interrupt causing
the operation system to regain control.

Answer 7

Timerrunout

Question 8

PCB

Answer 8

process control block

Question 9

is the module that gives control of the
CPU to the process selected by the short-term
scheduler

Answer 9

Dispatcher

Question 10

The processes that are residing in the main
memory and are ready and waiting to execute are
kept on a list called the

Answer 10

Ready queue.

Question 11

its policy is to give all users equal service.

Answer 11

Single Queue Mechanism

Question 12

its policy is to give high priority on a short processor.

Answer 12

Multiple Queue Mechanism

Question 13

is also known as task control block. It serves as a dictionary for any information that may vary from process to process.

Answer 13

Process Control Block

Question 14

is an OS that elects the next job to be
admitted to the system and the next process to run.

Answer 14

Scheduler

Question 15

It determines when a particular program should be loaded into the memory for each execution.

Answer 15

Long Term (High Level / Job Scheduler)

Question 16

It determine which I/O device will be used to
service a particular I/O request. It is executed somewhat more frequently than to make swapping decision.

Answer 16

Medium Term (I/O Scheduler)

Question 17

Select from the process that are ready to execute and allocates the CPU to one of them. A process may execute for only a few milliseconds before waiting for an I/O request.

Answer 17

Short Term (CPU scheduler / Dispatcher)

Question 18

is the state of indefinite waiting that processes may reach when competing for system resources or when attempting to communicate.

Answer 18

Deadlock

Question 19

if each resource type has only one instance, only one process at a time can use the resource.

Answer 19

Mutual Exclusion

Question 20

there must exist a process that is
holding at least one resource and is waiting to
acquire additional resources that are currently being
held by other process

Answer 20

Hold and Wait

Question 21

a resource can be released only voluntarily by the process holding it after that process has completed its task.

Answer 21

No Preemption

Question 22

there must exist a set of processes waiting for resources that is held by other processes and so on.

Answer 22

Circular Wait / Cycle

Question 23

is a useful tool to represent the deadlock situation in a system.

Answer 23

resource allocation graph (RAG)

Question 24

The state may be new, ready, running, waiting, halted and so on.

Answer 24

Process State

Question 25

The counter indicates the address of the next instruction to be executed for the process.

Answer 25

Program Counter

Question 26

The registers vary in number and type, depending on the computer’s architecture.

Answer 26

CPU Registers

Question 27

this information includes a process priority, pointer to scheduling queues and any other scheduling parameters.

Answer 27

CPU Scheduling Information

Question 28

this information may include the value of the base and limit registers, the page table or the segment tables depending on the memory system used by the operating system.

Answer 28

Memory Management Information

Question 29

this information includes the amount of CPU and real tie used, time limits, account numbers, job or process numbers and so on.

Answer 29

Accounting Information

Question 30

the information includes the list of I/O devices (such as tape drives) allocated to this process, a list of open files and so on.

Answer 30

I/O Status Information

Question 31

is one that spends of its time doing I/O than it spends doing computations

Answer 31

I/O Bound Process

Question 32

is one that generates I/O requests infrequently, using more of its time doing computation.

Answer 32

CPU Bound Process

Question 33

it is when a process reintroduced into memory and its execution can be continued where it left off

Answer 33

Swapping