Unit 2:

Question 1

Phospholipids

Answer 1

Main fabric of the membrane

Question 2

Cholesterol

Answer 2

Tucked between the hydrophobic tails of the membrane phospholipid s

Question 3

Integral proteins

Answer 3

Embedded in the phospholipid bilayer; may or may not extend through both layers

Question 4

On the inner or outer surface of the phospholipid bilayer, but not embedded in its hydrophobic core

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

Attached to proteins or lipids on the extra cellular side of the membrane (forming glycoproteins and glycolipids).

Question 6

Cell membrane

Answer 6

Specialized structure that surrounds the cell and its internal environment; controls movement of substance es into/out of cell

Question 7

Hydrophobic Molecule that repeals water (“water-fearing”)

Question 8

Hydrophilic

Answer 8

Molecule that is attracted to water (“water-loving”)

Question 9

Amphipathic

Answer 9

Molecule that contains both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end

Question 10

Phospholipid

Answer 10

Amphipathic lipid made of glycerol , two fatty acid tails, and phosphate group

Question 11

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 11

A biological membrane involving two layers of phospholipids with their tails pointing inward

Question 12

Semipermeable membrane

Answer 12

Membrane that allows certain substances to pass through

Question 13

Passive Transport

Answer 13

Type of transport that does not require energy to occur and be used in the process

Question 14

Concentration gradient

Answer 14

A region of space over which the concentration of a substance changes, and substances will naturally move down their gradients, from an area of higher to area of lower concentration

Question 15

Permeability

Answer 15

The quality of a membrane that allows substances to pass through it

Question 16

Equilibrium

Answer 16

The state at which a substance is equally distributed throughout a space

Question 17

Active transport

Answer 17

Type of transport that requires an input of energy to occur

Question 18

Concentration gradient

Answer 18

A region of space over which the concentration of a substance changes

Question 19

ATP

Answer 19

Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in living things

Question 20

Electrochemical gradient

Answer 20

The combination of a concentration gradient and voltage that affects and ions movement is called the electrochemical gradient

Question 21

Primary active transport

Answer 21

directly uses a source of chemical energy (e.g., ATO) to move molecules across a membrane against their gradient

Question 22

Secondary active transport (contransport)

Answer 22

, on the other hand, uses an electrochemical gradient - generated by active transport - as an energy source to move molecules against their gradient, and thus does not directly require a chemical source of energy such as ATP

Question 23

Osmosis

Answer 23

The net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

Question 24

Osmolarity

Answer 24

Describes the total concentration of solutes in a solution

Question 25

Tonicity

Answer 25

The ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis is known as this

Question 26

Endosymbiotic theory

Answer 26

Theory proposing that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiotic relationship among prokaryotic cells.