Unit 2 Flashcards
Motivation
Motivation is a process of inducing, inspiring and energising people to work willingly with zeal, initiative, confidence, satisfaction and an integrated manner to achieve desired goals, it is a moral boosting activity
Labour productivity
a measure of the efficiency of workers by calculating the output per worker.
Absenteeism
workers non- attendance at work without good reason
Labour turnover
the rate at which workers leave a business.
The theory of economic man
the view that humans are only motivated by money.
Piece- rate
paying workers for each unit produced
Hygiene factors
These are factors that are essential to keep an employee motivated at his/her workplace, non-existence of these factors can cause dissatisfaction at work
Motivators
the factors that influence a person to increase their efforts.
Job dissatisfaction
when a person is unhappy with his job.
Financial reward method
cash and non- cash rewards paid to workers which are often used to motivate employees
Non- Financial reward method
-methods used to motivate workers that do not involve giving financial reward
Hourly wage rate
it means workers are paid a fixed amount per hour worked
Salary
workers are paid a fixed amount per month
Piece- rate method
pay is based on number of units of output produced by a worker.
Commission
commission to sales staff based on the value of sale made
Bonus scheme
workers receive additional payment for achieving targets set by their managers.
.Performance related pa
rate pay based on how well an employee performance a task based on set standards.
Fringe benefits
these are alternate to cash payments. Non- cash rewards to retain or recruit workers.Example- company car, healthy insurance, pension etc
Profit sharing
an additional payment to employees based on the profits of the business. In the form of cash payments, calculated on the basis of percentage of a workers wage.
Job enrichment
organising work so that workers are encouraged to use their full abilities, increase job satisfaction.
Job redesign
make the work more interesting and challenging for the workers, help them to develop a new skill.
Job rotation
instead of doing the same task, workers switch from one task to another. This makes workers multi- skilled, reduces boredom and creates a flexible workforce
Job enlargement
increasing the variety of similar level of task that a worker performs. This increases the scope of duties and responsibilities of a worker and reduces monotony.
Quality circles
groups of workers who meet regularly to discuss work related issues. Workers come with solutions which are communicated to the managers.
Team Work
organising production so that groups of workers complete the whole unit of work.
Delegation
managers passing authority for the performance of tasks to lower level workers.
Chain of command
the structure in the organisation, which allows instructions to be passed down from senior management to lower levels of management
Functional departments
departments with clearly defined roles and responsibilities, like finance, marketing, human resource and research and development
Hierarchy
the number of levels in an organisational structure
Delegation
Passing down authority down through the organisational hierarchy to a subordinate.
Organisational structure
the formal, internal, framework of a business that shows how it is managed and organized
Span of control
The number of employees working directly under a manager is span of control.
Subordinate
an employee who is below another employee in the organizations hierarchy.
Redundancy
it is when an employer reduces his workforce because a job is no longer needed.
Line managers
they are responsible for overseeing the work of other staff.
Delayering
Strategy to remove one or more levels of hierarchy from the organisational structure.
