Unit 2

Question 1

What is the five factor model?

Answer 1

Useful in clarifying what aspects of personality influence tendencies towards stressor exposure and psychological and physiological responses to stressors

Question 2

Neuroticism

Answer 2

facets include anxiety, anger, hostility, self-conscientious, impulsiveness and vulnerability, the opposite role if emotional stability.

Question 3

hostility

Answer 3

social isolation, martial conflict, higher blood pressure and delayed recovery of cardiovascular responses to stress.

Question 4

extraversion

Answer 4

warmth, assertiveness, socailbility, excitement seeking positive emotions, oppsite is introversion.

Question 5

openness to experience

Answer 5

less sympathetic activation in response to stressors and its opposite pole, closed mindedness.

Question 6

agrreeableness

Answer 6

trust, altruism, compliance, modesty, and straightforwardness, opposite is antagonism.

Question 7

conscientiousness

Answer 7

achievement striving, dutifulness, self-discipline and deliberation, opposite is unreliability .

Question 8

People with poor executive functioning

Answer 8

struggle with substance abuse, impulsivity, risk taking, time management, planning and organization, all which generate stressors.

Question 9

executive functioning

Answer 9

set of cognitive processes and mental skills that help an individual plan, monitor, and successfully execute their goals.

Question 10

optimist

Answer 10

goal directed coping in response to disruptions or difficulties, may experience goal conflict as they may not want to give up on one goal for the sake of another.

Question 11

pessimist

Answer 11

expect bad outcomes, give up prematurely and it leads to avoidance and distraction behaviors, experience more negative feelings of anxiety, anger, despair, and sadness.

Question 12

explanatory style

Answer 12

has to do with attributions for bad events; does one make internal stable, global attributions or external, unstable, or specific attributions?

Question 13

learned helplessness

Answer 13

when an individual continuously faces a negative, uncontrollable situation and stops trying to change their circumstances, even when they have the ability to do so.

Question 14

systemic stressor

Answer 14

occur when there is a loss or lack of essential community resources necessary for effective functioning of citizens that creates enduring hardships.

Question 15

secondary stressors

Answer 15

traumatic situations, like natural disasters, injuries and illness, loss of home or personally property, change of employment or support systems.

Question 16

Intrusions

Answer 16

spontaneous mental images, recollections of specific traumatic events, distressing dreams, upsetting emotional and physical reactions to reminders of the trauma.

Question 17

avoidance

Answer 17

encompass attempts to distract, suppress, or neutralize thoughts and emotions connected to traumatic memories; places, people, situations, and sensory stimuli that cue memories of the trauma.

Question 18

negative affect and cognitions

Answer 18

overall reduction in positive emotions such as enjoyment of activities, emotional connection to others, negative mood, the feeling of being ‘numb.’

Question 19

hyperarousal

Answer 19

elevated physiological reactivity; insomnia, poor concentration, excessive startle response, angry outburst

Question 20

dissociation

Answer 20

encompasses the feeling of daydreaming or being intensely focused, as well as the distressing experience of being disconnected from reality. In this state, consciousness, identity, memory, and perception are no longer naturally integrated.