Unit 2

Question 1

Linguist who stated that abstract concepts cannot be defined because definitions of words can only be scientific

Answer 1

Bloomfield

Question 2

Approach which states that the meaning of a sentence is the result of the independent meaning of each of its words

Answer 2

Compositionality

Question 3

Remember!

Answer 3

Idioms are considered to be above the word level

Question 4

The metalanguage term proposed as the definition of a word. Opposite term to definiendum.

Answer 4

Definiens

Question 5

Nominal definition whose aim is to remove the ambiguity from its denotation even though it may not be a good cognitive definition. E.g.: defining “skin” as “surface where tattoos are done”.

Answer 5

Extensional definition

Question 6

Example:

Answer 6

In the definition “make-up”: “coloured substances used on the skin to make yourself look more attractive or to change your appearance”, the term “make-up” is the definiendum.

Question 7

What name receives the broader class to which a definiendum belongs?

Answer 7

Genus

Question 8

What name receive phrases which cannot be decoded compositionally?

Answer 8

Idioms

Question 9

What should we not do with the different approaches to meaning?

Answer 9

Reject them

Question 10

What is the genus for words such as “lipstick” and “concealer”?

Answer 10

“Makeup”

Question 11

Which is the principle developed to confirm whether a definiendum and a definiens are identical in meaning?

Answer 11

Principle of identity under substitution

Question 12

What is the hypothesis which states a word has a different meaning in each of its collocations, and then without considering any common feature in each of them?

Answer 12

Multiple Meaning Hypothesis

Question 13

What is the approach to meaning which defends that the meaning of utterances must be considered as a whole providing a more efficient explanation when it comes to idioms?

Answer 13

Non-compositionality

Question 14

What is the definitional theory which states that meanings can be defined by pointing out at its referent?

Answer 14

Definition by ostension

Question 15

What name receives the speakers’ ability to construct an infinite number of sentences out of a finite set of linguistic items?

Answer 15

Productivity

Question 16

Its definition by typical exemplar is what we do when we gain knowledge

Answer 16

Acquire

Question 17

Which hypothesis states that a word has a general meaning, even if vague, in all its possible collocations?

Answer 17

General Meaning Hypothesis

Question 18

Definition which focuses on the nature of the referent rather than in describing the meaning of the word.

Answer 18

Real definition

Question 19

Approach to meaning in which the definitions of dictionaries are based on polysemy.

Answer 19

Semasiological

Question 20

If the word “actress” is defined by providing a list of famous actresses we are following an approach to definition called…

Answer 20

Typical exemplar

Question 21

Famous electronic resource based on an onomasiological approach.

Answer 21

Thesaurus

Question 22

What do all the terms have in common in the multiple meaning hypothesis?

Answer 22

Vague meaning

Question 23

Method through which we select a word’s appropriate specific meaning from among its possible ones.

Answer 23

Word sense disambiguation process

Question 24

What Landau describes as a craft, a way of doing something that can be useful.

Answer 24

Lexicography

Question 25

Differentia for the word “sunflower”

Answer 25

“Yellow”

Question 26

Definition for the word “award” according to definition by synonymy.

Answer 26

“Prize”