Unit 2 Flashcards
Order the prosimians (pt. 1)…
Semiorder strepsirrhini
.suborder strepsirrhini
..superfamily lemurisidae
..superfamily daubentonoidea
.infraorder lorisiformes
..superfamily lorisidea
Order the prosimians (pt. 2)…
Semiorder Haplorhini
.suborder tarsiiformes
.infraorder tarsiiformes
..superfamily tarsioidea
.suborder anthropoidea
Order the New World Monkeys…
.Suborder anthropoidea
.infraorder platyrrhini (New World)
..superfamily ceboidea
..superfamily pithecoidea
..superfamily hominoidea
Order the anthropoidea Old World Monkeys…
Infraorder catarrhini
superfamily cercopithecoidea
superfamily hominoidea
What is the adaptive radiation for haplorrhines (tarsiers and anthropoids).
idk
What are the main prosimian groups?
Haplorhini (tarsiers and anthropoids) and strepsirrhini (lemurs, galagos, and lorises)
What are the main monkey groups?
Platyrrhines (New World Monkeys) and catarrhines (Old World monkeys).
What is the adaptive radiation for strepsirrhines (lemurs, lorises, and galagos).
Nocturnal, small, tooth comb, grooming claw, flared talus.
What is the adaptive radiation for platyrrhines (New World Monkeys)?
Mostly diurnal (except Aotus), size range from 100g-10kg, arboreal, folivore/insectivore/frugivore diet (some seed eaters and gumivores), broad social range (from fission/fusion, multimale/multifemale, polygyny, polyandry, monogamy, etc.).
What is the adaptive radiation for catarrhines (Old World monkeys)?
Activity is diurnal, size range from 100g-100kg, locomotion is quadrupedal arboreal, terrestrial, and leaping, insectivore/folivore/frugivore diet, socially polygynous, multimale/multifemale, or monogamous.
Explain Body Size Allometry…
the ratio of the size of a primate and the amount of energy it needs to fuel its body.
If an animal is larger it…
has less surface area and can retain heat longer.
If an animal is smaller it…
has more surface area and retains heat for less time.
Kay’s Threshold
size determines diet: small primates can sustain on insects; large primates cannot sustain only on insects.
Adaptive evidence for diet…
Foodprints
What does tooth size indicate for diet?
Big incisors suggest a fruit eater (need to tear flesh); large molars suggest a leaf eater (need to crush leaves).
What does tooth shape indicate for diet?
High crests = leaf eater; low crests = fruit eater (shearing quotient).
What does tooth structure indicate for diet?
Enamel thickness can say if an animal is a hard object feeder or not. Dental microwear: pits = crushing (hard object feeder); striations = shearing (leaves).
What does body mass say about locomotion abilities?
If a primate is less than 10kg it is possible for it to be a leaper, but if it is more than 10kg it is not likely.
What are locomotive adaptations for arboreal quadrupedalism?
long tail, narrow thorax, laterally place scapula, long olecranon process (Marge Simpson hair), deep ulna, grasping feet, and short front and hind limbs.
What are locomotive adaptations for terrestrial quadrupedalism?
reduced tail, narrow thorax, short digits, restricted shoulder joint (stable), posteriorly extended olecranon process, long front and hind limbs.
What are locomotive adaptations for leapers?
deep femoral condyles, long hindlimbs, narrow tibia, short femoral neck, back and legs form a “bow shape” to spring forward.
What are locomotive adaptations for suspensory locomotion?
long curved fingers with no external thumb, rotary wrist joint, long forelimbs, short olecranon process, dorsally placed scapula, short lumbar region, broad thorax, often no tail, and mobile hip bone.
What are locomotive adaptations for bipedal locomotion?
Long legs, lumbar curve (S shaped), short/broad ilium (pelvis), short lachium, large femur head, adducted knees, adducted great toe, and short toes.
How can we reconstruct social patterns in the fossil record?
If large degree of sexual dimorphism, likely polygynous; if small degree or no sexual dimorphism, likely monogamous. Ex. dimorphic canines vs. monomorphic canines.
How can we reconstruct activity patterns in the fossil record?
Measuring the ratio of skull size to eye socket size: Large eye sockets = nocturnal; small eye sockets = diurnal.
