Unit 2 Flashcards
What is individualism and what are its principles?
Individualism is a current of thinking that values the freedom and worth of an individual, sometimes over the security and freedom of a group.
Private Property
Rule of law
Individual rights and freedoms
Competition
Economic freedom
Self-Intrest
What is Collectivism and what are its principles?
Collectivism values the goals of the group and the common good over the goals of individuals
Collective Intrest
Collective responsibility
Cooperations
Adherence to collective norms
Public property
Economic equality
What Did Adam Smith believe?
Adam smith is known as the father of capitalism and a classical liberal thinker. He was a strong believer in competition and self-interest. He believed in the idea of the invisible hand, that when individuals were selfish and did things for themselves, it would in some way come back to help someone else. He believed in equality of opportunity, that everyone had the ability to make something of themselves they just had to take the chance.
What did John Locke believe?
He was against and authoritarian and totalitarian regime. He believed in representative democracy, that people should give up some of their natural rights to the government in order to receive social order and private property in return. he did not believe that rules and laws should be imposed on people rather they should be the sovereign, hence the belief in representative government he believed that government should be directly responsible and accountable to the people. He was also an individualist thinker who believed people should use reason to make their own decisions with a great emphasis on private property; the individual should have authority over what is theirs.
What did Thomas Hobbes believe?
Hobbes believed in security over freedom, he did not believe both were possible. While he didn’t believe people were evil he believed they were selfish by nature, he felt it was necessary for people to give up their rights to the government in order to relieve chaos and harm to all. He lived in a power called the leviathan, this was the government that the people had to give up their rights.
What did John Stuart Mill believe?
A classical liberal thinker who paved the way for the birth of modern liberalism. He believed in the protection of individual freedoms and the promotion of individual decision-making. He believed the only limitation to be placed on an individual was in order to protect the liberty of others. pushed for free speech, and social and intellectual progress.
What were some impacts of classical liberalism on the 19th century?
There was the industrial revolution where there was a shift in Britain from the agricultural system to the factory system. During that time period, there were two classes the Borgousie - the owners and the Proletariat - the workers. The government in place was a classical liberal one, which valued the individual giving them the freedom to do as they wish, economically and politically. because fo this Lazzai fair/hands-off regime, the working class was treated really poorly and the government could nothing about it as it was up to the workers to hire as they wished and pay as they wished. Capitalism and competition were booming as people did what they felt was best for themselves and their own profit. With a free market economy that means people could decide who they bought, from, what they bought, what they sold and for how much.
What is socialism
Socialism was a response to classicalism and the mistreatment of the people. Socialism believes in the equal distribution of wealth. That wealth should not just go to the rich capitalists but also to the workers who are working so hard. That worker should collectively own means of labour.
Who was Edmond Burke
He was an elitist that believed only the educated and the well-off individuals should have a say in the affairs of the government. he pushed for and believed strongly in preserving the status quo, against the reactionary and radical right wings of politics.
What is Marxism?
Marxism was created by Karl Marx who was a socialist who created the idea (marxism) as a radical form of socialism, then scientific socialism, now known as communism. he saw the struggle of the working class as well as the mistreatment of the proletariat. He believed in the achievement of a classless society, however the only way to achieve this was if the workers revolted, overthrowing the owners. He believed in a command economy - of the workers. Had strong collectivist ideologies and felt that there was a need to abolish private property, centralization, and regulation.
How has liberalism changed?
Liberalism has progressed from classical liberalism to modern liberalism. While the core of both beliefs is still to value the individual modern liberalism sees the need for government intervention. Where ideologies like feminism - rights for women, the welfare state - rights for the working class, along with egalitarian principles are embraced.
What is a command economy?
Also known as a centrally planned economy is where government officials are the ONLY ones making economic decisions. Where they decide what the country should produce and supply, how much of it, to where and how. The citizens have no say, this type of economy is generally found in communist states.
What is a Free Market economy?
operated with limited government intervention, individuals can decide what products to buy and sell, based on supply and demand as well as competition and self - interest.
What is a Mixed economy?
It is one with a combination of free market and command style economics, where both individuals and government have a say in production and distribution
What was Nazi Germany?
Communist regime favouring fascist ideologies. With reactionary ideologies, he wanted to recreate Germany of its glorious past. Used fear, terror, scapegoating, propaganda, and censorship of media. Hitler was an ultranationalist who believed the arayn race was superior and wiped off 6 million Jews and outcasts. The Nazi political party gained attention and then Hitler overthrew the government becoming a dictator - Nazi Germany.
