Unit 2 Flashcards
Cohesive
allows water to be attracted to other water molecules
adhesive
allows water to be attracted to other polar molecules
what makes water polar?
electrons
Allows organisms to “walk” on water?
cohesive/surface tension
2 elements of water?
hydrogen and oxygen
Through which two properties does water moderate temperature?
Specific heat and heat of vaporization
Define specific heat.
The temperature of any substance is a measure of how rapidly its individual molecule are moving
Define heat of vaporization.
The amount of energy required to change the 1 gram of a substance from a liquid to a gas.
Define hydrophobic.
(scared of water) it shrinks from contact with water
Define hydrophilic.
(loving water) polar molecules, which readily form hydrogen bonds with water
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What is the carbon to hydrogen to oxygen ratio of carbohydrates?
1:2:1
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
nucelotides
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
base, sugar, phosphate
Name two functions of proteins
defense and support
What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
What are the four levels of protein structure?
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
Lipids
a somewhat loosely defined group of molecules with one main chemical characteristic: They are insoluble in water
What are the two main molecules lipids are built from?
fatty acids and glycerol
Triglyceride
Fatty acid
What other kinds of lipids does organisms have?
The other types of lipids that they have are terpenes, rubber, and steroids
Phosphate group
attached to one end of the glycerol
Glycerol
a 3-carbon alcohol, in which each carbon bears a hydroxyl group
Fatty acids
long chains of CH2 groups ending in a carboxyl group.
Phospholipids
are among the most important molecules of the cell because they form the core of all biological membranes
Average fats yield is about?
9 kilocalories
How many carbon atoms does most organism have?
about 40
unsaturated
double bonds between one or more pairs
monounsaturated
one double bond
saturated
all the internal carbon atoms are bonded
polyunsaturated
more than one double bond
