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Movement Science > UNIT 2 > Flashcards

UNIT 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

internal forces

A

muscle pull, joint reaction force

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2
Q

external force

A

gravity/weight of the body segment, ground reaction force

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3
Q

Net force

A

sum of all internal and external forces (equal to 0 when static)

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4
Q

5 steps in a Free Body Diagram

A

identify and isolate body segment
define a reference frame
add forces and moments as vectors
draw joint reaction force
label

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5
Q

kinetic measurements

A

forces acting on the body

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6
Q

kinematic measurements

A

spacial and temporal measurements
velocity, acceleration, position (angle)

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7
Q

Imaging systems

A

position and time data collected through video

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8
Q

Electrogoniometers

A

position and time data are collected through taped electrodes to skin detecting change in voltage with movement

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9
Q

Inertial Measurement Units IMUs

A

accelerometer and gyroscope
collects acceleration data
position vs time curves
velocity vs time curves
acceleration vs tim graphs

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10
Q

Force Platforms

A

measures forces in all directions (X, Y, Z)
limitation: cannot determine two separate contacts on a single point (one foot per plate)

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11
Q

What is EMG

A

recordings and interpretations of the electrical activity from muscles during movement

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12
Q

What does EMG represent

A

sarcolemmal potential changes (action potentials)

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13
Q

Clinical EMG use (4)

A

temporal muscle activity
relative exertion level
muscle fatigue
biofeedback

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14
Q

Functional task determinants of movement

A

person: cognitive, behavior, physical
environment: physical, informational, psychosocial
Task: goal of the movement

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15
Q

Task related determinants of a sit-to-stand

A
  1. generate anterior momentum of the head arms and trunk
  2. control anterior displacement of whole COM over new BOS
  3. generate vertical momentum to raise whole COM
  4. arresting forward and vertical momentum of whole COM
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16
Q

Task related determinants of a forward reach

A
  1. generate anterior momentum pf head arms and trunk COM
  2. generate momentum of one upper extremity to elevate it forward
  3. control whole COM forward momentum adjustments
  4. coordinate COM momentum for each of the trunk arm and hand to reach target
17
Q

Task related determinants of supine to stand

A
  1. generate momentum to displace the whole body COM over feet
  2. orient head arms and trunk to place whole COM over feet
  3. establish new base of support with feet on floor
  4. generate vertical momentum to raise whole body COM
  5. arresting forward and vertical momentum of whole body COM
18
Q

Define gait

A

a pattern, style, or manner of locomotion

19
Q

8 phases of gait

A

initial contact
loading response
mid stance
terminal stance
pre swing
initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing

20
Q

define step

A

initial contact to opposite limb initial contact

21
Q

define stride

A

initial contact to subsequent same limb initial contact

22
Q

Define Foot progression angle

A

angle to foot turns outward during walking
10-14 degrees

23
Q

Define Step rate

A

number of steps taken per time
115 steps/minute

24
Q

Typical adult walking gait speed

A

1.4 meters/sec

25
Q

how to calculate gait speed

A

step rate x step length

26
Q

Pelvic movement in the frontal plane

A

lateral tilt when foot hits the ground about 2 inches

27
Q

peak muscle activity of hip flexors

A

pre swing and initial swing

28
Q

peak muscle activity of hip extensors

A

loading response

29
Q

peak muscle activity of knee flexors

A

terminal swing and loading response

30
Q

peak muscle activity of knee extensors

A

loading response

31
Q

peak muscle activity of ankle plantarflexors

A

terminal stance

32
Q

peak muscle activity of ankle dorsiflexors

A

early loading response

33
Q

functional task of weight acceptance during gait

A

high rate of loading at all joint
absorbs ground reaction force

34
Q

functional task of single limb support during gait

A

full weight on single limb
progression of COM forward

Movement Science (2 decks)

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