Unit 2 Flashcards
Protein
A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids
Peptides
Chains of amino acids that can function as neurotransmitters or hormones.
Monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose (simple sugars)
Disaccharide.
A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis
DNA
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
Nucleic Acids
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Polymer
molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
Monomer
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
Enzymes
Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
factors of enzyme activity
temperature, pH, substrate concentration
cellular respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
anerobic respiration
Respiration that does not require oxygen
amino acids
building blocks of proteins
Polypeptides
a polymer of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
Lipid
macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes
Fatty Acid Chains
3 carbon glycerol attached by dehydration to 3 long carbon chains
Carbohydrate
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
Starch
A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
Nucleic Acid
a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
cellular respiration reactants and products
reactants: glucose and oxygen
products: carbon dioxide and water
Where does cellular respiration occur?
cytoplasm and mitochondria
Homeostasis
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
negative feedback
A type of regulation that responds to a change in conditions by initiating responses that will counteract the change. Maintains a steady state.
Cell Transport
The process of moving material in and out of cells
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
facilitated diffusion
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
active transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
Endocytosis
process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
Excosytosis
The process of discharging particles from inside a cell to the outside is called ________
cell membrane
thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Phosopholipids
compose the plasma membrane of the cell
