Unit 2

Question 1

Protein

Answer 1

A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids

Question 2

Peptides

Answer 2

Chains of amino acids that can function as neurotransmitters or hormones.

Question 3

Monosaccharides

Answer 3

glucose, fructose, galactose (simple sugars)

Question 4

Disaccharide.

Answer 4

A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

Question 6

Nucleic Acids

Answer 6

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

Question 7

Polymer

Answer 7

molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Question 8

Monomer

Answer 8

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers

Question 9

Enzymes

Answer 9

Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things

Question 10

factors of enzyme activity

Answer 10

temperature, pH, substrate concentration

Question 11

cellular respiration

Answer 11

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Question 12

anerobic respiration

Answer 12

Respiration that does not require oxygen

Question 13

amino acids

Answer 13

building blocks of proteins

Question 14

Polypeptides

Answer 14

a polymer of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.

Question 15

Lipid

Answer 15

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

Question 16

Fatty Acid Chains

Answer 16

3 carbon glycerol attached by dehydration to 3 long carbon chains

Question 17

Carbohydrate

Answer 17

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body

Question 18

Polysaccharides

Answer 18

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

Question 19

Starch

Answer 19

A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.

Question 20

Nucleic Acid

Answer 20

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

Question 21

cellular respiration reactants and products

Answer 21

reactants: glucose and oxygen
products: carbon dioxide and water

Question 22

Where does cellular respiration occur?

Answer 22

cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 23

Homeostasis

Answer 23

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Question 24

negative feedback

Answer 24

A type of regulation that responds to a change in conditions by initiating responses that will counteract the change. Maintains a steady state.

Question 25

Cell Transport

Answer 25

The process of moving material in and out of cells

Question 26

Diffusion

Answer 26

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 27

Osmosis

Answer 27

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 28

facilitated diffusion

Answer 28

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

Question 29

active transport

Answer 29

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

Question 30

Endocytosis

Answer 30

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

Question 31

Excosytosis

Answer 31

The process of discharging particles from inside a cell to the outside is called ________

Question 32

cell membrane

Answer 32

thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 33

Phosopholipids

Answer 33

compose the plasma membrane of the cell