Unit 2 Flashcards
Energy
The ability to do work
How does energy flow
Radiation, Convection, and Conduction
Radiation
The movement of energy through electromagnetic waves; UV and rays in wavelengths to warm something up
Conduction
The transfer of heat energy through collisions of the atoms or molecules of a substance.
Convection
The movement of matter caused by differences in density.
External
More than 99.9% of the thermal energy that we feel on the ground, in the ocean water, and the atmosphere comes either directly or indirectly from the sun.
It drives the winds, ocean currents, and the water cycle, and supports all life on Earth.
Internal
Left over heat from Earth’s formation and energy released by atoms during radioactive decay processes.
Albedo
Measure of the percentage of light that a particular surface will reflect
Feedback
A response within a system
Most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust
Oxygen and silicon
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
Mineral
A substance that has specific characteristics.
Mineral rules
- Occurs naturally
- Inorganic
- Solid
- Specific Crystalline (structure/shape)
- Specific chemical composition
Crystal
a piece of a homogeneous solid substance having a natural geometrically regular form with symmetrically arranged plane faces.
How does a crystal form
Crystals usually form from molten rock as the molten rock gradually cools.Crystals can also form when water evaporates.
Luster
how the mineral reflects light from it’s surface
Hardness
Is a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
Cleavage
Shape, direction and angles the mineral forms when broken. It also breaks easily
Fracture
Break with a ragged or jagged edges because of its tightly bonded atoms
Streak
Is the color of a mineral when it is broken up and powdered
Special properties of minerals
Magnetism – occurs between minerals that contain iron; only magnetite and pyrrhotite are strongly magnetic
Double refraction – occurs when a ray of light passes through the mineral and is split into two rays
Effervescence – occurs when reaction with hydrochloric acid causes calcite to fizz
Fluorescence- occurs when some minerals are exposed to ultraviolet light, which causes them to glow in the dark
Iridescence – a play on colors, caused by the bending of light rays
Texture
How it feels
Silicates
basic building block is a silica tetrahedron
Carbonates
minerals composed of one or more metallic elements and the carbonate ion CO3
Oxides
compounds of oxygen and metals
Ores
a mineral is an ore if it contains a valuable substance that can be mined at a profit
Gems
valuable minerals that are prized for their rarity and beauty.
