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Chemistry > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemistry

A

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes

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2
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and volume
All matter is made up of atoms

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3
Q

Mass

A

The AMOUNT of material an object contains
Mass ≠ weight

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4
Q

Weight

A

The measure of force gravity has on a certain mass

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5
Q

Volume

A

The space occupied by an object

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6
Q

Atom

A

Tiniest bit of matter where the essence of the substance is still retained

  • electrons protons and neutrons
    -neutrons and protons make up nucleus
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7
Q

Pure substance

A

Elements and Compounds
Materials that had a fixed chemical composition throughout

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8
Q

Element

A

The simplest kind of matter that cannot be broken down into anything simpler and retain its identity
—one type of atom
- each element is on the period table

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9
Q

Monatomic

A

“Atomic elements”
atoms that are unpaired naturally
Most elements are monatomic

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10
Q

Homogeneous

A

Same composition throughout

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11
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Not uniform in composition

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12
Q

Compound

A

Substances that can only be broken down by chemicals reactions
Made by two or more types of atoms
Water

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13
Q

Diatomic element

A

Elements with atoms that exist paired in nature
Oh bro I clearly have no food
Oxygen, bromine, Iodine, chlorine, hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine

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14
Q

Methods of separation for mixtures

A

Crystallization
Distillation
Chromatography
Filtration

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15
Q

Solid - gas

A

Sublimation

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16
Q

Gas - solid

A

Deposition

17
Q

Liquid - gas

A

Vaporization

18
Q

Gas - liquid

A

Condensation

19
Q

Solid - liquid

A

Melting

20
Q

Liquid - solid

A

Freezing

21
Q

Endothermic

A

Energy (as heat) flows from the surroundings into the system

22
Q

Exothermic

A

Energy (as heat) flows out of the system into the surrounding

23
Q

Solid

A

Matter with defined shape and volume
Particles are tightly packed together

24
Q

Liquid

A

Matter where particles move apart and have no order and flow past each other
Has defined volume but no defined shape

25
Q

Gas

A

Matter where the particles are very far apart and have no order
Particles more rapidly to fill space
No fixed volume or shape

26
Q

Plasma

A

Similar to gas but super excited and super heated
Atoms broken apart into positive and negative ions
Very far apart with no order and moving quickly

27
Q

Bose Einstein concentrate

A

Supercool, super not excited solid
Atoms slow down so much that they near absolute zero
No longer distinct particles

28
Q

Physical change

A

Properties of the substance change but the chemical identity and composition doesn’t

29
Q

Chemical change

A

Changing chemical identity and composition

30
Q

Physical properties

A

Things that can be observed without changing its identity or composition
- viscosity, conductivity, malleability, ductility

31
Q

Chemical properties

A

Things that become evident during a chemical reaction
- flammability, toxicity

32
Q

Law of conservation of mass/matter

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed but rather is conserved

33
Q

Energy

A

The amount of work and object it system can do in relation to another object or system
- the capability to do work

34
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy due to position

35
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy due to motion

36
Q

E=MC^2
M= E/C^2

A

M- mass
E- energy
C- speed of light

37
Q

Law of conservation of energy

A

Energy is neither created nor destroyed but it is conserved

Chemistry (4 decks)

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