Unit 2 Flashcards
Chemistry
The study of matter and the changes it undergoes
Matter
Anything that has mass and volume
All matter is made up of atoms
Mass
The AMOUNT of material an object contains
Mass ≠ weight
Weight
The measure of force gravity has on a certain mass
Volume
The space occupied by an object
Atom
Tiniest bit of matter where the essence of the substance is still retained
- electrons protons and neutrons
-neutrons and protons make up nucleus
Pure substance
Elements and Compounds
Materials that had a fixed chemical composition throughout
Element
The simplest kind of matter that cannot be broken down into anything simpler and retain its identity
—one type of atom
- each element is on the period table
Monatomic
“Atomic elements”
atoms that are unpaired naturally
Most elements are monatomic
Homogeneous
Same composition throughout
Heterogeneous
Not uniform in composition
Compound
Substances that can only be broken down by chemicals reactions
Made by two or more types of atoms
Water
Diatomic element
Elements with atoms that exist paired in nature
Oh bro I clearly have no food
Oxygen, bromine, Iodine, chlorine, hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine
Methods of separation for mixtures
Crystallization
Distillation
Chromatography
Filtration
Solid - gas
Sublimation
Gas - solid
Deposition
Liquid - gas
Vaporization
Gas - liquid
Condensation
Solid - liquid
Melting
Liquid - solid
Freezing
Endothermic
Energy (as heat) flows from the surroundings into the system
Exothermic
Energy (as heat) flows out of the system into the surrounding
Solid
Matter with defined shape and volume
Particles are tightly packed together
Liquid
Matter where particles move apart and have no order and flow past each other
Has defined volume but no defined shape
Gas
Matter where the particles are very far apart and have no order
Particles more rapidly to fill space
No fixed volume or shape
Plasma
Similar to gas but super excited and super heated
Atoms broken apart into positive and negative ions
Very far apart with no order and moving quickly
Bose Einstein concentrate
Supercool, super not excited solid
Atoms slow down so much that they near absolute zero
No longer distinct particles
Physical change
Properties of the substance change but the chemical identity and composition doesn’t
Chemical change
Changing chemical identity and composition
Physical properties
Things that can be observed without changing its identity or composition
- viscosity, conductivity, malleability, ductility
Chemical properties
Things that become evident during a chemical reaction
- flammability, toxicity
Law of conservation of mass/matter
Mass is neither created nor destroyed but rather is conserved
Energy
The amount of work and object it system can do in relation to another object or system
- the capability to do work
Potential energy
Energy due to position
Kinetic energy
Energy due to motion
E=MC^2
M= E/C^2
M- mass
E- energy
C- speed of light
Law of conservation of energy
Energy is neither created nor destroyed but it is conserved
