unit 2 Flashcards
Attention
everyday things we process/don’t process
Filter Theory
desired info goes through other info gets discarded
Selective Attention
when someone pays attention to one thing at the expense of another
Dichotic Listening Task
tests ability for attention to selectively filter info by playing different info into left/right ear
Early Selection Model
attention filters message BEFORE incoming info is analyzed
Broadbent’s Filter Model (early)
sensory memory, filter, detector, memory
Aunt Jane Experiment
a story and numbers were presented at the same times in opposite ears
Intermediate Selection Model
some filtering based on its physical properties, some info still gets through
Triesman’s Attention Theory (intermediate)
Portions of signals makes it through for processing although it is reduced
Late Selective Model
selection of stimuli for final processing doesn’t occur until AFTER info has been analyzed
McKay’s Model (late)
attended ear (sentences), unattended ear (two words)
Processing Capacity
amount of info people can handle
Perceptual Load
related to the difficulty of the task
Low Load Task
use up small amount of persons processing capacity
High Load task
use up more of persons processing capacity
Load Theory Of Attention
w/ high loads there’s no resources left to process other stimuli, w/ low loads there are left over resources
Stroop Test
the word of a color written in another color
Fovea
center of retina, highest detail
Stimulus Salience
physical properties of stimulus’s (color, contrast)
Scanning - Cognative Factors
preferences a person brings to the situation
Scanning - Task Demands
determined by sequence of action involved in task
Overt Attention
you move your eyes to where you are attending
Covert Attention
move your attention around even though your gaze is on something else
Divided Attention
attending to multiple stimuli at once
Scheider / Shiffrin Task
carry out two tasks at once, became easier due to automatic processing
Inattentional Blindness
fail to see and object that is in plain sight
Change Blindness
inability to see change to a scene
3 Steps of Memory
encoding, storage, retrieval
Encoding
initial processing of info, brain creates code to allow info to be kept
Storage
info stays present for more than a moment as time passes
Retrieval
being able to access info for purpose
Capacity
how much info in memory we can hold
Duration
how long info stays in memory
Atkinson / Shiffrin Madal Model
sensory, short term, long term memory
Sensory Memory
takes in large sensory info before processing, high capacity short duration
Persistence Of Vision
directly see info that entered your eye(multicolored ball)
Iconic Memory
sensory memory specifically for visual info
George Sperling
found evidence for iconic memory
Echoic Memory
auditory form of sensory memory
Short Term Memory
processed info, small capacity of 7 (+-2) longer duration of 15-30 seconds
Miller Experiment
list # in order after being told, found the 7 (+-2) capacity
Chunking
combining things into chunks that constitue meaning
Rehearsal
repetition of info in STM, reactivate encoding
Long Term Memory
small fraction of info, no limit of capacity or duration
Working Memory
strong and manipulating info
STM Vs. Working
both ar strong with info but working manipulates it
Working Memory Model
visual sketch pad, central executive, phonological loop
Visual Sketch Pad
visual portion of STM, analyze/manipulate info in memory(rotating object)
Phonological Loop
auditory portion of STM, allows info to be repeated so it can be used
Articulatory Suppression
repetition of irrelevant sounds reduce memory, speaking interferes with rehearsal
Central Executive
coordinate between phonological loop/visual sketchpad, what info gets placed into STM first
OSPAN Task
solve math equations/ remember list of words
Explicit Memory
memories we consistently try to remember/recall
Implicit Memory
memories not part of our consciousness
Episodic Memory
personal memories of events, etc
Semantic Memory
general knowledge, facts
Case Study K.C.
had no episodic memory, damage to hippocampus
Dissociation
episodic/semantic are different from another
Autobiographical Memory
memory of info about self, includes both semantic/episodic
Procedural Memory
how to do things without conscious awareness
Priming
differs for everyone (fill in blanks, people come up with different stuff that makes sense)
Implicit Vs. Explicit
implicit is more likely to stay intact compared to explicit
Case Study H.M.
explicit memory not intact, procedural intact
