Unit 2 Flashcards
Dependancy Ratio
The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compares to the number of people active in the labor force.
Ecumene
The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
Epidemiological Transition Model
The theory that says that there is a distinct cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition model. It can help explain how a country’s population changes so dramatically.
Erlich Theory
there will be a famine disaster for humanity due to over population
infant mortality rate
the number of infants who die before reaching one year of age per 1,000 live births.
J-curve
a trendline that shows an initial loss immediately followed by a dramatic gain.
aging population
a population in which the percentage that is age 65 and older is increasing relative to other age groups
Agricultural Density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
Anti-Natalist Policies
government policies to reduce the rate of natural increase
Arithmetic Density
The total number of people divided by the total land area.
Bosrup Theory
population growth is a positive force in agricultural innovation, it drives technology forward
carrying capacity
Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
Census
the official count of a population
Child Mortality Rate
Number of deaths per thousand children within the first five years of life.
Contraception
Intentionally preventing pregnancy from occurring
crude birth rate
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
crude death rate
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
Demographic Momentum
the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution
Demographic Transition Model
A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.
Demography
The scientific study of population characteristics.
life expectancy
a figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live.
Malthusian Theory
the theory that while population growth is exponential, food supply is linear, and eventually humans will hit a point of mass starvation.
Neo-Malthusian Theory
the belief that population control through the use of contraception is essential for the survival of the earth’s human population.
Overpopulation
the condition of being populated with excessively large numbers.
Physiological Density
the number of people per unit area of arable land.
population agglomerations
a population cluster, often around cities
Population Pyramid
a graphical illustration of the distribution of a population by age groups and sex.
population doubling time
the amount of time it takes for the population of an area to double, assuming a constant growth rate
Pro-Natalist Policies
policies which are designed with the purpose of increasing the birth and fertility rate of an area.
rate of natural increase
the difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year
replacement fertility
the rate of fertility at which women would have only enough children to replace themselves and their partner.
S-curve
a graph which begins with the exponential growth of a j-curve before leveling out.
sex ratio
the ratio of males to females in a population.
total fertility rate
the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.
zero population growth
the maintenance of a population at a constant level by limiting the number of live births to only what is needed to replace the existing population.
