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Health & Human Development > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Medicare?

A
  • Is Australia’s universal health insurance scheme
  • Established in 1984
  • Aims to provide access to affordable and basic healthcare in what is known as the public health sector
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2
Q

Who is covered by Medicare?

A
  • All Australian citizens

- Commonwealth countries such as New Zealand, United Kingdom, Ireland, Sweden, Netherlands, etc.

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3
Q

What is covered by Medicare?

A
  • General Practitioners (GP)
  • Specialists
  • Pathology and eye tests
  • X-Rays
  • Psychologist visits (limited)
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4
Q

What is NOT covered by Medicare?

A
  • most dental examinations
  • treatments in private hospitals
  • home nursing care or treatment
  • ambulance system
  • services not medically necessary (e.g. nose job)
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5
Q

Schedule Fee

A

The amount that medicare contributes towards certain consultations and treatments.

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6
Q

Bulk Billing

A

When the doctor or specialist charges only the schedule fee and bills Medicare the rest.

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7
Q

Advantages of Bulk Billing

A
  • assists people with financial issues

- encourages people to continue to seek medical help

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8
Q

Disadvantages of Bulk Billing

A

not all doctors may offer this payment option

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9
Q

Advantages of Medicare

A
  • reduced cost for essential medical services
  • choice of doctor for out-of-hospital services
  • available to all Australian citizens
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10
Q

Disadvantages of Medicare

A
  • no choice of doctor for in-hospital treatment
  • waiting lists for many treatments
  • does not cover alternative therapies or allied health services
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11
Q

Medicare Levy

A

2 per cent tax for all Australian tax payers to fund Medicare

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12
Q

Medicare Levy Surcharge

A

an additional 1–1.5 per cent tax on high income earners who do not have private health insurance

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13
Q

What is the PBS?

A
  • the aim was to provide essential medicines to people who needed them, regardless of their ability to pay.
  • established in 1948
  • any Australian who owns a medicare card can access the PBS
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14
Q

Advantages of the PBS

A

allows access to necessary medicines by affordable prices

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15
Q

Disadvantages of the PBS

A

may not include medications for rare diseases/illnesses.

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16
Q

Private Health Insurance

A

Private health insurance is a type of insurance for which members pay a premium (or fee) in return for payment towards health-related costs not covered by Medicare

17
Q

Advantages of PHI

A
  • enables access to private hospital care
  • choice of doctor while in public or private hospital
  • shorter waiting times for some medical procedures such as elective surgery
18
Q

Disadvantages of PHI

A
  • costly

- gap payments

19
Q

Incentives for taking up PHI

A

the private health insurance rebate is an amount the government contributes towards the cost of your private hospital health insurance premiums

20
Q

Lifetime Health Cover

A

people who take up private hospital insurance after the age of 31 pay an extra 2 per cent on their premiums for every year they are over the age of 30

21
Q

How does geographic location affect access to health services and information?

A

those in rural areas face multiple difficulties in accessing health services and information because of distance to the hospital, lack of qualified specialists, and lack of modern technology.

22
Q

How does socioeconomic status location affect access to health services and information?

A

many health services are unavailable to families and individuals on low incomes because they are simply too expensive

23
Q

How does health literacy affect access to health services and information?

A

overall levels of education are important in accessing and understanding health information; however, health literacy is a specific factor that can affect access to health services and information

24
Q

How does culture affect access to health services and information?

A

these factors include language barriers, religious beliefs, values and expectations of the services provided

25
Q

How does gender affect access to health services and information?

A

Females are known to reach out for medical help and information whereas Males are known to be more closed off and inexpressive.

26
Q

Charter of Healthcare Rights

A

The Australian Charter of Healthcare Rights outlines the rights of patients, consumers and other people using the Australian healthcare system.

27
Q

Patient Rights

A

Access, Safety, Respect, Communication, Participation, Privacy, Comment.

28
Q

Opportunities of Internet Search Engines

A

Provides easy and quick access to medical information and help

29
Q

Challenges to Internet Search Engines

A

Information may be misleading, inaccurate, or wrong and some people do believe everything they see on the internet and believe the worse case scenario

30
Q

Opportunities for Health and well being sites and mobile apps

A

can be used to access a wide arrange of health information such as running trackers, food, period trackers.

31
Q

Challenges for Health and well being sites and mobile apps

A

Information may be inaccurate and misleading, may encourage poor health programs.

32
Q

Opportunities for technology based consultations

A

allows for people in rural areas to get access to doctor or GP consultations instead of making a long trip and get the help they need.

33
Q

Challenges for technology based consultations

A

Internet access proposes a challenge for phone call consultations

34
Q

Opportunities for virtual reality

A

Provides a space of recovery for victims of certain diseases such as dementia and a training space for new doctors.

35
Q

Challenges for virtual reality

A

can cause more harm than good as they can make people feel nauseous or bump into walls.

36
Q

Opportunities for symptom checkers

A

reduces stress on the public health sector as people can check their symptoms without going straight to the ER.

37
Q

Challenges for symptom checkers

A

People can believe what symptoms they have is the worst case scenario (cyberchondria)

38
Q

3D Printing of body parts

A

Is the use of 3D printing of body parts, organs, muscles, tissues, bones, etc for people who have damaged or lost for a less invasive recovery.

39
Q

The Health Complaint Commissioner

A

is an independent, fee-free organisation whose role it is to receive and resolve complaints about health service providers through an impartial and confidential process

Health & Human Development (2 decks)

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