unit 2 117 Flashcards
peaks in 30-90 mins
Insulin Lispro
peaks in 1 hour
insulin aspart
peaks in 1-5 hours
Insulin regular
peaks in 4-12 hours (classic 8 hours)
Insulin Isophane Suspension
no peak
insulin detemir and insulin glargine
begins to work in 15-30 mins
Insulin Lispro and Insulin aspart
begins to work in 30-60 min
insulin regular
begins to work in 1-2 hours
Insulin Isophane Suspension
begins to work unknown
insulin detemir
begins to work 3-4 hours
insulin glargine
duration 3-5 hours
Insulin lispro and insulin aspart
duration 6-10 hours
insulin regular
duration 16 hours
insulin isophane suspension
duration 24 hours
insulin detemir and insulin glargine
18-25 G needle
Intramuscular injection
25-30 G needle
subcutaneous injection
5/8”-1.5” needle
Intramuscular injection
3/8”-5/8” needle
subcutaneous injection
1-3 mL syringe
Intramuscular injection
Can only inject 1 mL or less
Deltoid
2-3 fingers below the acromion process
Deltoid
Can inject 2 mL or less in adults (preferred in children)
Vastus lateralis
halfway between the greater trochanter and lateral femoral condyle
Vastus lateralis
site where gluteus medius and gluteus minimus meet
Ventrogluteal
Can inject 3 mL, 5 mL if needed, use 1.5” needle
Ventrogluteal
recommended site for adults
Ventrogluteal
The site that is not recommended
Dorsogluteal
allow the medication to not leak, use for irritation
Z-track
glucose level 72-104
Normal
glucose level less than 70
hypoglycemia
glucose level 110-125
hyperglycemia
Medication given in “love handles”
Lovenox
Does not produce insulin
Type 1
Produces insufficient insulin
Type 2
medication given for hypoglycemia, increases blood sugar, given IV, IM, SubQ
Recheck blood sugar every 15 min
Glucagon
Do not give 48 hrs before IV contrast, increases sensitivity of cells to insulin, and decreases the production of glucose from liver
S/E- Does not cause hypoglycemia
ex (Metformin)
Biguanides
Black box warning, Do not give to cardiac patients, increase use of glucose, and decreases liver production
S/E- hypoglycemia, fluid retention, weight gain
ex) Pioglitazone
Thiazolidiones
Insulin given continuous IV
Insulin regular
very concentrated, need 2nd nurse to verify
u500
Insulins that you can mix
rapid, short, intermediate
insulins you cannot mix
Long acting
detemir and glargine
prevents kidneys from reabsorbing glucose and sodium
S/E- UTI, yeast infection
ex) Empagliflozin
Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 (SGL-2)
decreases glucose concentration and delays gastric emptying
Administered Subcutaneous
Ex) dulaglutide, liraglutide)
Glucagon-Like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
helps decrease glucagon secretion and delays gastric emptying
given orally
S/E- Pancreatitis, upper respiratory infection
ex) Sitagliptin
Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors
helps stimulate insulin secretion, can be combined with metformin
S/E- hypoglycemia, GI upset, weight gain
Ex) glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride
Sulfonylureas
chemical reaction that happens in the body necessary to maintain life
metabolism
cells that produce glucagon, glucagon increases glucose levels within the blood
Alpha cells
cells in the pancreas that release insulin
beta cells
works to increase blood sugar, produced by alpha cells
glucagon
increases the sensitivity of cells to insulin, helps decrease the production of glucose from the liver
biguanides
helps stimulate insulin secretion
sulfonylureas
increase the use of glucose by the cells and decrease liver production of glucose
Thiazolidinediones
helps decrease glucagon secretion and delays gastric emptying
dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors
prevents kidneys from reabsorbing glucose and sodium
sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGL-2)
Decreases glucose concentration and delays gastric emptying
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 agonists (GLP-1)
deltoid landmarks
2-3 fingers below the acromion process
vastus lateralis landmarks
one hand above the patella and one hand length below the greater trochanter
ventrogluteal landmarks
hand over greater trochanter, thumb pointing towards groin, index finger pointing toward the anterior superior iliac spine, middle finger extends back towards iliac crest
