UNIT 2 Flashcards
What is the difference between neurons and glial cells?
glial cells are essentially a support system for neurons
what is reuptake?
moving a neurotransmitter from the synapse back into the axon terminal from which it was released
what do psychoactive drugs correct?
neurotransmitter imbalances
which part of the nervous system is responsible for fight or flight?
sympathetic
what structure in the brain allows the two hemispheres to communicate with each other?
corpus callosum
the brain’s ability to change, adapt, and reorganize itself is called
plasticity
where would we find the motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and Broca’s area?
frontal lobe
what is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?
higher-level cognitive functioning
Where is the somatosensory cortex?
parietal lobe
where is the auditory cortex and wernicke’s area?
temporal lobe
where is the visual cortex?
occipital lobe
the occipital lobe is organized retinotopically, which means
there is a close relationship between the position of an object in a person’s visual field and the position of that object’s representation on the cortex
What is the thalamus?
a relay center where most of the senses are routed for processing
what are the 3 structures that make up the limbic system?
amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus
What area of the midbrain produces the neurotransmitter dopamine and cell bodies that are critical for movment?
substantia negra
the reticular formation is centered in the midbrain and is important in regulating
the sleep/wake cycle, arousal, alertness, and motor activity
What part of the hindbrain controls balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills?
cerebellum
What are the following scans: CT, EEG, FMRI, MRI, PET
computerized tomography, electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography
epigenetics studies how the same gene can lead to
different results
What is the epigenome?
it is made up of chemical compounds and proteins that attach to DNA and turn genes on or off, controlling the production of proteins in particular cells
True or False : the epigenome can be altered through various experiences and environments
true
