unit 2 Flashcards
what is a chemical reaction?
a chemical reaction is the conversion of one or more substances into another substance.
what is stoichiometry?
the process of determining the amounts of substances in a chemical reaction.
limiting reactants?
whichever elements limits the reaction.
excess reaction?
the reactant which is left over after the reaction.
theoretical yield?
the mass of product that you calculate. the maximum amount of material that you can “theoretically” make from the reactants provided.
actual yield?
the mass of product that is recovered under experimental conditions.
percentage yield formula?
% = actual / theoretical x 100
solubility?
the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature.
precipitate?
insoluble solid that separates from the solution.
precipitation reaction?
a precipitation reaction refers to the formation of an insoluble salt when two solutions containing soluble salts are combined.
what are ionic equations?
the dissolved species as free ions. only soluble compounds are split into ions.
acid-base reactions?
acid and base combines to produce a salt.
redox reactions?
oxidation and reduction half reactions.
oxidation?
loss of electrons, also the reducing agent. donates electrons to the reactant being reduced.
reduction?
gain of electrons. the reactant being reduced is the oxidising agent. accepts electrons from the reactant being oxidised.
oxidation number rules?
lone elements have ON of 0, ON is equal to charge on the ion, ON of oxygen is usually -2, hydrogen is +1, group 1 metals are +1, group 2 metals are +2 and Fl is -1.