Unit 2

Question 1

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Answer 1

Central processor: Brain and director of the computer.

Question 2

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Answer 2

Fast and short term working memory that allows data to be accessed in any order without accessing storage media such as hard drives. known as primary storage.

Question 3

Client/Server relationships

Answer 3

information( apps, databases, documents) stored in central server computer. serves client computers that are connected to it, can be connected by wire or cloud.

Question 4

Network interface card (NIC)

Answer 4

connects a computer to a network

Question 5

Three types of computer software are?

Answer 5

Application software ( MS word, MS excel)
System software (MS windows, MacOS)
Utility software (antivirus protection, printer drivers)

Question 6

Mainframe computers

Answer 6

massive, room sized computers process and stores enormous amounts of bulk data and information. typically used by credit card processors.

Question 7

Midrange computers

Answer 7

less powerful and smaller in physical size. do the same things, just on a smaller scale

Question 8

Virtual Memory

Answer 8

is a section of a hard disk that mimics a computers RAM. Plays an important role in the OS by allowing end users to run more apps than the system has physical RAM to support.

Question 9

Cache Memory

Answer 9

faster that the RAM but has minimal storage capacity. The CPU stores more frequently used data in the cache memory so that the cpu can access the data faster.

Question 10

Registers

Answer 10

smallest and fastest type of memory. they are built into the CPU itself and hold the instructions or operands that are currently being accessed by the CPU

Question 11

Six components of an IT infrastructure

Answer 11

hardware, software, networks, data information system, people and processes.

Question 12

What is the defining characteristic of application software?

Answer 12

It performs a specific task for the user.

Question 13

Which software supports a computer’s basic functions such as scheduling software tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals?

Answer 13

Systems software

Question 14

Which type of memory plays an important role in a computer’s ability to perform multitasking?

Answer 14

Virtual memory

Question 15

Infrastructure

Answer 15

is the underlying foundation or basic framework for something

Question 16

Process

Answer 16

Any task a computer does is called a process. when a computer does more than one processes at a time it is called multitasking.

Question 17

Spreadsheets

Answer 17

is a file that consists of rows and columns of data that can be manipulated and analyzed for business purposes. Examples include.. Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets

Question 18

Word Processor

Answer 18

is an application software used to create, compose, edit, format, and print documents. examples include MS word and google docs

Question 19

Database System Management Software

(DBMS)

Answer 19

is used to create a collection of related files called tables that consist of records (rows) of data separated by fields (columns) that can be queried to produce populations of information. The data retrieved by these queries become information that can be used to make business decisions.

Question 20

Copy and Paste

Answer 20

allows the user to select data in one application (source data), copy the data into temporary memory, switch to a different application, and then paste the data into the desired application

Question 21

Object Embedding

Answer 21

allows a user to select an entire area from one application and a part of another. A budget spreadsheet (source file), for example, can be embedded in a proposal document (destination file). Object embedding is static and only takes a snapshot.

Question 22

Object Linking

Answer 22

When the source file is linked into the destination file, both files stay up to date. Unlike object embedding, which simply takes a picture, object linking is a dynamic link where both files are current and editable.

Question 23

4 basic components of a network

Answer 23

NIC(ethernet card), network protocol(TCP/IP), physical cable that connects them(twisted pair), network hub(serves as a traffic cop)

Question 24

Computer Security

Answer 24

is concerned with risk management, confidentiality, integrity, and the availability of the electronic information that is processed and stored within a computing system.

Question 25

Computer files that infect IT systems and reproduce like a biological virus by making copies of themselves within a host, such as a computer’s memory or storage or on a network. (Virus)

Answer 25

Requires a host program.

Causes system failure, corrupts data, steals personal information.

Question 26

A program that uses networks to travel by sending copies of themselves to other parts of the network without a user’s knowledge or intervention. (Worms)

Answer 26

Does not require a host program.

Causes system failure, corrupts data, steals personal information.

Question 27

A program that misleads users of its true intent. When executed, it may release one or many harmful viruses, worms, or any other sort of malicious programs into a computer or networked system. (trojan horse)

Answer 27

Spread through social engineering (i.e. harmful email attachments, fake advertisements, etc.)

Question 28

A program that is installed covertly on a computer to capture or take control of the system without the user’s knowledge or consent (spyware)

Answer 28

Secretly monitors a user’s keystrokes and behavior.

Question 29

A program that automatically displays or downloads advertising to a computer. (Adware)

Answer 29

Less malicious than other malware.
Generates revenue for its developer by generating online advertisements that users may click on. Comes in the form of a static box display, a banner display, a video, or pop-up ad.

Question 30

A program that uses an electronic email system to arbitrarily send millions of unsolicited bulk messages to various users and accounts. (spamming)

Answer 30

Most often used through email; can also be found in text messaging, and mobile apps.

Question 31

A program that simply records every keystroke made at the workstation’s keyboard (keylogging)

Answer 31

Used to record sensitive login information such as a login ID, password, or any other sensitive information.

Question 32

Click Fraud

Answer 32

Fraudulent schemes have been developed by hackers by writing programs inserted into advertising network websites that automatically pass a user to the advertiser whether they had any intention of visiting or not, and subsequently collecting the per-click fee.

Question 33

Phishing

Answer 33

criminal activity that involves using social engineering techniques and attempts to deceptively gain private information, like usernames, PIN numbers, passwords, and credit card details, by masquerading as a legitimate business organization, typically in a legitimate-looking email.

Question 34

Data and information exchange software and techniques

Answer 34

can be categorized as electronic computing tools

Question 35

collaborative software and techniques

Answer 35

can be categorized as management tools