Unit 2 Flashcards
Where do fossil fuels come from?
Fossil fuels come from the decayed and fossilised remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago, they are a finite resource.
What is crude oil a mixture of?
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
What is used to separate crude oil?
Fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil into smaller hydrocarbons.
Explain the changes of the properties (boiling point, ease of evaporation, flammability, viscosity ect.)
The longer the chain of hydrocarbons is the bigger the molecular mass, the higher the boiling point, the harder it gets to evaporate, the lower the flammability and the thicker the viscosity.
What are the products of complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
Carbon dioxide and water
What is produced when incomplete combustion occurs?
Carbon Monoxide and Carbon (soot)
What are hydrocarbon molecules made up of?
Only Hydrogen and Carbon atoms.
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction that produces energy.
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction that takes in energy.
How are alkanes identified?
Alkanes all end in ‘-ane’, they contain only single bonds and are straight chains. Their general formula is CnH2n+2.
What is cracking?
When long chain hydrocarbons are broken into smaller hydrocarbons by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds.
How are alkenes identified?
Alkenes all end in ‘-ene’, they contain a carbon-carbon double bond and are straight chains. Their general formula is CnH2n.
How are cycloalkanes identified?
Cycloalkanes all start with ‘cyclo-‘ and end in ‘-ane’, they contain only single bonds and are in a ring structure. Their general formula is CnH2n.
What are isomers?
A compound with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are compounds which contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with the hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 2:1
