Unit 2

Question 1

What is biodiversity

Answer 1

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Question 2

3 types of biodiversity

Answer 2

Genetic, species, ecosystem

Question 3

Explain genetic diversity

Answer 3

the variety of genetic material present in a gene pool or population of a species

Question 4

Explain species diversity

Answer 4

the variety of species per unit area (e.g. habitat or a region) that includes both the number of species present and their relative abundance

Question 5

Explain ecosystem diversity

Answer 5

Variety of ecosystems in a given place

Question 6

List marine ecosystems

Answer 6

Estuaries. Coastal lakes. Saltmarshes. mangroves. seagrass. Rockpools. Tropical reefs. Coral reefs. lagoons

Question 7

Explain connectivity

Answer 7

The movement of water through the entire marine ecosystem framework distributes larvae, nutrients and sediments which shape and define these unique ecosystems

Question 8

Species diversity

Answer 8

Number of different species in a particular area

Question 9

Species richness

Answer 9

The number of different species in a community

Question 10

Species evenness

Answer 10

refers to how close in numbers each species in an environment

Question 11

Ecosystem resilience

Answer 11

The capacity of an ecosystem to recover from a disturbance or withstand ongoing pressures

Question 12

Ecosystem disturbance

Answer 12

a temporary change in environmental conditions that alters physical structures or arrangements of biotic and abiotic elements within an ecosystem

Question 13

Ecosystem recovery

Answer 13

The return of a damaged ecological system and associated ecosystem services to a stable state.

Question 14

Biotic components / biotic factors

Answer 14

as any living component that affects another organism, or shapes the ecosystem

Question 15

3 components of the food chain

Answer 15

Producer, consumer, decomposer

Question 16

Producers in the food chain

Answer 16

Producers (autotrophs) are typically plants or algae

Question 17

Consumers in the food chain

Answer 17

Consumers (heterotrophs) are species that cannot manufacture their own food and need to consume other organisms

Question 18

Decomposers

Answer 18

Decomposers (detritivores) break down dead plant and animal matter and wastes and release it again as energy and nutrients into the ecosystem for recycling

Question 19

ROT

Answer 19

Range of tolerance

Question 20

Optimal ROT zone

Answer 20

Conditions that favour maximal reproductive success and survivability

Question 21

Stress ROT zone

Answer 21

Organisms can survive but with reduced reproductive success

Question 22

Intolerant ROT zone

Answer 22

Organisms can not survive

Question 23

Oceans zones

Answer 23

Determined by distance from shoreline and water depth

Question 24

Intertidal zones

Answer 24

Where land and water meet, alternate periods of dryness and total submersion in water

Question 25

Photic zones

Answer 25

A portion of the marine biome that is shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate

Question 26

Neritic zones

Answer 26

Extends from the intertidal zone out to the edge of the continental shelf

Question 27

Aphotic zones

Answer 27

A permanently dark layer of the oceans below the photic zone

Question 28

Oceanic zone

Answer 28

Vast open ocean from the edge of the continental shelf outward

Question 29

Benthic zone

Answer 29

Ocean-floor area consisting of sand, silt, and dead organisms

Question 30

Adaptation

Answer 30

Traits that improve an individual's ability to survive and reproduce

Question 31

Structural adaptation

Answer 31

An inherited physical characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment (colour, size, shape)

Question 32

Physicalogical (functional) adaptation

Answer 32

Changes that allow an organism to preform special functions (production of venom, secretion on slime, change of sex)

Question 33

Behavioural adaptation

Answer 33

The manner in which an organism acts of behaves to maintain its survival (migration, schooling, caring for young)

Question 34

Eutrophication

Answer 34

A natural process where a body of water becomes enriched with nutrients, creating plant and algae growth

Question 35

Causes of diversity loss

Answer 35

Pollution, overfishing, climate change, introduced species, biological disease, natural disasters, loss of habitat

Question 36

Levels of consumers

Answer 36

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 37

Habitat populate causes

Answer 37

Availability of resources, species tolerance levels, safeness of ecosystem

Question 38

Marine pollution types

Answer 38

Land litter (cigarette butts, plastic bags, bottles, cans and discarded fishing gear), chemical pollutants

Question 39

Sustainable management practices of pollution

Answer 39

Habitat and marine zoning, marine conservation parks, no-take zones, marine engineering

Question 40

Characteristics of marine biodiversity

Answer 40

wide dispersal at sea, the need for structural complexity, critical nursery habitats

Question 41

This is hard

Answer 41

I know keep trying

Question 42

Arguments for preserving ecosystems and habitats

Answer 42

Ecosystem Productivity, Medical Discoveries, Natural Beauty and Recreation, Survival of the Species, Waste Disposal, Economic Benefits