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Marine > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

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2
Q

3 types of biodiversity

A

Genetic, species, ecosystem

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3
Q

Explain genetic diversity

A

the variety of genetic material present in a gene pool or population of a species

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4
Q

Explain species diversity

A

the variety of species per unit area (e.g. habitat or a region) that includes both the number of species present and their relative abundance

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5
Q

Explain ecosystem diversity

A

Variety of ecosystems in a given place

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6
Q

List marine ecosystems

A

Estuaries. Coastal lakes. Saltmarshes. mangroves. seagrass. Rockpools. Tropical reefs. Coral reefs. lagoons

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7
Q

Explain connectivity

A

The movement of water through the entire marine ecosystem framework distributes larvae, nutrients and sediments which shape and define these unique ecosystems

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8
Q

Species diversity

A

Number of different species in a particular area

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9
Q

Species richness

A

The number of different species in a community

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10
Q

Species evenness

A

refers to how close in numbers each species in an environment

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11
Q

Ecosystem resilience

A

The capacity of an ecosystem to recover from a disturbance or withstand ongoing pressures

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12
Q

Ecosystem disturbance

A

a temporary change in environmental conditions that alters physical structures or arrangements of biotic and abiotic elements within an ecosystem

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13
Q

Ecosystem recovery

A

The return of a damaged ecological system and associated ecosystem services to a stable state.

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14
Q

Biotic components / biotic factors

A

as any living component that affects another organism, or shapes the ecosystem

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15
Q

3 components of the food chain

A

Producer, consumer, decomposer

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16
Q

Producers in the food chain

A

Producers (autotrophs) are typically plants or algae

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17
Q

Consumers in the food chain

A

Consumers (heterotrophs) are species that cannot manufacture their own food and need to consume other organisms

18
Q

Decomposers

A

Decomposers (detritivores) break down dead plant and animal matter and wastes and release it again as energy and nutrients into the ecosystem for recycling

19
Q

ROT

A

Range of tolerance

20
Q

Optimal ROT zone

A

Conditions that favour maximal reproductive success and survivability

21
Q

Stress ROT zone

A

Organisms can survive but with reduced reproductive success

22
Q

Intolerant ROT zone

A

Organisms can not survive

23
Q

Oceans zones

A

Determined by distance from shoreline and water depth

24
Q

Intertidal zones

A

Where land and water meet, alternate periods of dryness and total submersion in water

25
Q

Photic zones

A

A portion of the marine biome that is shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate

26
Q

Neritic zones

A

Extends from the intertidal zone out to the edge of the continental shelf

27
Q

Aphotic zones

A

A permanently dark layer of the oceans below the photic zone

28
Q

Oceanic zone

A

Vast open ocean from the edge of the continental shelf outward

29
Q

Benthic zone

A

Ocean-floor area consisting of sand, silt, and dead organisms

30
Q

Adaptation

A

Traits that improve an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce

31
Q

Structural adaptation

A

An inherited physical characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment (colour, size, shape)

32
Q

Physicalogical (functional) adaptation

A

Changes that allow an organism to preform special functions (production of venom, secretion on slime, change of sex)

33
Q

Behavioural adaptation

A

The manner in which an organism acts of behaves to maintain its survival (migration, schooling, caring for young)

34
Q

Eutrophication

A

A natural process where a body of water becomes enriched with nutrients, creating plant and algae growth

35
Q

Causes of diversity loss

A

Pollution, overfishing, climate change, introduced species, biological disease, natural disasters, loss of habitat

36
Q

Levels of consumers

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

37
Q

Habitat populate causes

A

Availability of resources, species tolerance levels, safeness of ecosystem

38
Q

Marine pollution types

A

Land litter (cigarette butts, plastic bags, bottles, cans and discarded fishing gear), chemical pollutants

39
Q

Sustainable management practices of pollution

A

Habitat and marine zoning, marine conservation parks, no-take zones, marine engineering

40
Q

Characteristics of marine biodiversity

A

wide dispersal at sea, the need for structural complexity, critical nursery habitats

41
Q

This is hard

A

I know keep trying

42
Q

Arguments for preserving ecosystems and habitats

A

Ecosystem Productivity, Medical Discoveries, Natural Beauty and Recreation, Survival of the Species, Waste Disposal, Economic Benefits

Marine (2 decks)

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